Math vocabulary

The result of multiplying a number by a positive integer.

Multiple

A number that divides into another number.

Factor

A prime number that divides into another number.

Prime Factor

A number with exactly two factors (itself and 1).

Prime Number

A whole number (no decimals), including zero and negative numbers.

Integer

The lowest number that two (or more) numbers will divide into.

Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

The highest number that divides into two (or more) other numbers.

Highest Common Factor (HCF)

A decimal number with a digit (or group of digits) that repeats forever.

Recurring Decimal

Making a number simpler while keeping its value close to what it was.

Round

The number of digits after the decimal point.

Decimal Places

The number of digits after the first non-zero digit.

Significant Figure

A number less than zero.

Negative

The power of a number that indicates how many times to use the number in a multiplication.

Power/Index (indices)/Exponent

The number that gets multiplied when using an exponent.

Base Number

A value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the number.

Square Root

A value that, when used in a multiplication three times, gives the number.

Cube Root

The 'nth root' used in multiplication gives the original value.

(nth) Root

When quantities have relative size. For example 2 in 4 is proportional to 1 in 2

Proportion

Numbers comparing the sizes of two or more quantities

Ratio

Percentage, written %, means out of 100

Percentage

Income minus expenses

Profit/Mark-up/Increase

A reduction

Decrease

A negative profit

Loss

A reduction in price

Discount

The reduction in value

Depreciation

A fee paid for services, usually a percentage of the total cost

Commission

Goods and Services Tax - a 15% tax added to the price of most goods and services

GST

1/number. To find the reciprocal we divide 1 by the number. This can also be thought of as “flipping” a fraction.

Reciprocal

Fractions which have the same value, even though they may look different

Equivalent Fraction

A fraction in which the numerator (top number) is smaller than the denominator (bottom number)

Proper fraction

A mixture of a whole number and a (proper) fraction

Mixed Fraction or Mixed Number

A fraction in which the numerator (top number) is larger than the denominator (bottom number)

Improper Fraction

A symbol for a value we don’t know yet.

Variable

A list of numbers in a special order

Sequence

A number used to multiply a variable (written in front).

Coefficent

A fixed value.

Constant