Arjuna JEE 2027: Physics - Units and Measurement (Lecture 02)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards from RJ Sir's lecture on units and measurement, covering fundamental/derived units, SI systems, unit prefixes, and supplementary angle definitions.

Fundamental Quantities

The seven basic physical quantities from which all other quantities are derived, including Mass, Length, Time, Current, Temperature, Amount of Substance, and Luminous Intensity.

Mass (Fundamental Unit)

The fundamental unit in the SI system measured in kilograms ($kg$).

Length (Fundamental Unit)

The fundamental unit in the SI system measured in meters ($m$).

Time (Fundamental Unit)

The fundamental unit in the SI system measured in seconds ($s$).

Current (Fundamental Unit)

The fundamental unit in the SI system measured in Amperes ($A$).

Temperature (Fundamental Unit)

The fundamental unit in the SI system measured in Kelvin ($K$).

Amount of Substance (Fundamental Unit)

The fundamental unit in the SI system measured in Moles ($mol$).

Luminous Intensity (Fundamental Unit)

The fundamental unit in the SI system measured in Candela ($cd$).

Velocity

A derived quantity defined as displacement divided by time, measured in units of $\text{m/s}$.

Acceleration

A derived quantity defined as the change in velocity over time, measured in units of $\text{m/s}^2$.

Force

A derived quantity ($F = ma$) measured in Newtons, which is equivalent to $kg\,m/s^2$.

Momentum

A derived quantity defined as product of mass and velocity ($P = mv$), measured in $kg\,m/s$.

Work

A derived quantity ($W = F \times \text{disp}$) measured in Joules, equivalent to $kg\,m^2/s^2$.

Power

A derived quantity defined as Work divided by time, measured in Watts, equivalent to $kg\,m^2/s^3$.

Kilo

A unit prefix representing a factor of $10^3$ (e.g., $1\,km = 10^3\,m$).

Centi

A unit prefix representing a factor of $10^{-2}$ (e.g., $1\,cm = 10^{-2}\,m$).

Micro

A unit prefix representing a factor of $10^{-6}$, denoted as micro meter.

Nano

A unit prefix representing a factor of $10^{-9}$, denoted as nano meter.

Angstrom

A unit of length used in physics equal to $10^{-10}\,m$.

FPS System

A system of units where MASS is measured in Pounds, LENGTH in Foot, and TIME in Seconds.

CGS System

A system of units where MASS is measured in grams, LENGTH in Centimeters, and TIME in Seconds.

MKS System

A system of units where MASS is measured in Kilograms, LENGTH in meters, and TIME in Seconds.

SI Unit System

The International System of Units consisting of the MKS system plus two Supplementary units (Plane Angle & Solid Angle).

Plane Angle

A supplementary unit measured in radians, defined by the formula $\theta = \frac{\text{Arclength}}{R}$.

Radian

The unit of plane angle; it is defined as the angle at the center of a circle when the Arclength is equal to the radius ($R$).

Degree to Radian Conversion

The relationship used to convert angles where 180^\text{o} = \text{\pi\,rad}.

Minute of Angle ($1'$)

A subdivision of a degree where $1^\text{o}$ is divided into $60$ equal parts; $1^\text{o} = 60'$.

Second of Angle ($1''$)

A subdivision of a minute where $1'$ is divided into $60$ equal parts; $1' = 60''$.