Ultrasound Physics and Principles part 2

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These flashcards cover key concepts related to ultrasound physics, including impedance, pulse ultrasound principles, attenuation, intensity, and related mathematical equations.

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16 Terms

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Impedance

Resistance to the propagation of a sound wave, measured in Rayls.

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Rayls

The unit of measurement for impedance.

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Impedance Formula

Impedance (Z) is calculated as Density (P) multiplied by Propagation Speed (c): Z = P x c.

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Pulse Ultrasound Process

The series of steps involved in pulsed ultrasound, including sending a pulse, waiting for the echo, and processing the echo into an electrical signal.

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Pulse Duration

The duration of a pulse in time, typically measured in microseconds.

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Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)

The number of pulses emitted in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz) or Kilohertz.

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Duty Factor

The fraction (percentage) of time that the pulse is being transmitted, expressed as a decimal.

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Spatial Pulse Length (SPL)

The length or distance of an ultrasound pulse in space, typically measured in millimeters.

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Attenuation

The weakening of sound as it travels, typically measured in decibels.

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Intensity

The concentration of power in a specific area, typically measured in watts per centimeter squared (W/cm²).

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Half Value Layer Thickness (HVL)

The depth at which the original intensity is reduced to half of its original value.

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Total Attenuation Formula

Total attenuation is calculated as Attenuation = ½ Frequency x Path Length.

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Beam Uniformity Ratio

The ratio of Spatial Peak (SP) intensity to Spatial Average (SA) intensity.

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Pulse Anatomy

The characteristics of a pulse, including its collection of cycles and its structure.

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Reflection Requirements

For reflection to occur, there must be perpendicular incidence and different acoustic impedances.

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Specular Reflections

Reflections arising at large smooth boundaries.