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These flashcards cover key concepts related to ultrasound physics, including impedance, pulse ultrasound principles, attenuation, intensity, and related mathematical equations.
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Impedance
Resistance to the propagation of a sound wave, measured in Rayls.
Rayls
The unit of measurement for impedance.
Impedance Formula
Impedance (Z) is calculated as Density (P) multiplied by Propagation Speed (c): Z = P x c.
Pulse Ultrasound Process
The series of steps involved in pulsed ultrasound, including sending a pulse, waiting for the echo, and processing the echo into an electrical signal.
Pulse Duration
The duration of a pulse in time, typically measured in microseconds.
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
The number of pulses emitted in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz) or Kilohertz.
Duty Factor
The fraction (percentage) of time that the pulse is being transmitted, expressed as a decimal.
Spatial Pulse Length (SPL)
The length or distance of an ultrasound pulse in space, typically measured in millimeters.
Attenuation
The weakening of sound as it travels, typically measured in decibels.
Intensity
The concentration of power in a specific area, typically measured in watts per centimeter squared (W/cm²).
Half Value Layer Thickness (HVL)
The depth at which the original intensity is reduced to half of its original value.
Total Attenuation Formula
Total attenuation is calculated as Attenuation = ½ Frequency x Path Length.
Beam Uniformity Ratio
The ratio of Spatial Peak (SP) intensity to Spatial Average (SA) intensity.
Pulse Anatomy
The characteristics of a pulse, including its collection of cycles and its structure.
Reflection Requirements
For reflection to occur, there must be perpendicular incidence and different acoustic impedances.
Specular Reflections
Reflections arising at large smooth boundaries.