PathoPharm Exam 2 - Module 3

immunosupression

suppression of the immune system (and its ability to fight infection)

immunodeficiency

when someone's immune system underperforms

immune response

the body reaction to foreign substances

allergy

hypersensitivity/immune response to an everyday thing

anaphylaxis

a severe/life-threatening allergic reaction

the four types of hypersensitivity (examples)

1. IgE mediated, immediate (asthma, allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis)
2. cytotoxic (transfusion reaction)
3. complex-mediated ( rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus)
4. cell mediated (contact dermatitis, TDD test)

antibiotic purpose

decrease population of invaders inside the body enough to where it's bearable to the immune system

antibiotic examples

tetracycline, cephalosporins, penicillin

antibiotic adverse effect

c.diff, yeast infection, rash, dizziness, nausea

why administer anti-infective medicine?

to help cure and sometimes prevents infection

anti-infective adverse effects

neurotoxicity, hearing damage, dermatalogical reactions, hypersensitivity reaction, kidney damage, GI tract toxicity, superinfection, bone marrow depression

why take antifungal medication

to treat fungal infections

antifungal medication adverse effects

itching, burning, sick-feeling, abdominal pain, diarrhea, rash

antiviral medication purpose

helps fight off infection

antiviral medication adverse effects

swelling, rash, itching, hives, difficulty breathing, weakness

what type of immunity is a vaccine

active immunity

importance of vaccines

teaching the body's immune system to fight against harmful viruses or bacteria before getting an infection

narrow-spectrum bacteria

only kill limited species of bacteria

broad-spectrum bacteria

antibiotic that kills various bacteria OR kills gram positive/gram-negative bacteria

risk of broad-spectrum bacteria

C.Diff due to lots of bacteria- good and bad being killed

superinfection

infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection. or when infection occurs one right after the other

symptoms of infection

fever, chills, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, stuffy nose, stiff neck, burning when urinating

body barrier defenses against infection

skin, mucous membrane, tears, earwax, stomach acid

cellular defenses against infection

inflammation, antibodies

ways to acquire resistance

prolonged use of antibioitc

ways to prevent resistance

prescribe narrow specific antibiotics, complete treatment prescribed, offer alternative treatment

process of inflammatory response

1. inflammatory response
2. repair and regeneration
3. remodeling and maturation

signs and symptoms of inflammation

pain, warmth, tenderness, limited movement

anti-inflammatory medicine

ibuprofen, salicylate, aspirin, prednisone,

adaptive immunity

the immunity that you get after you've been exposed to an antigen after getting sick or vaccine or breastmilk

IGM AND IGG

antibodies titers; IGM are released first and IGG are released after which contains antibodies and remain around for a longer amount of time

what role does b and t cells have in the immune system and making antibodies

t cells wipe out infected/cancerous cells and helps B lymphocytes eliminate invading pathogens. and b cells create antibodies