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Flushed with success, the National Assembly now turned to?
It now turned to the task of transforming French institutions.
The guiding principles of the National Assembly were represented by?
They were represented by the revolutionary banner "Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity".
At the time, the idea of liberty meant?
The idea of liberty meant freedom from arbitrary authority and freedom of speech, press, conscience, assembly, and profession.
At the time, the idea of equality meant?
The idea of equality meant equal treatment under the law and equality of economic opportunity - at least for men.
At the time, the idea of fraternity meant?
The idea of fraternity meant comradeship as citizens of the nation.
The central government, now based on national sovereignty, was transformed into?
It was transformed into what amounted to a constitutional monarchy. The National Assembly served as its legislature, and the king remained its chief executive officer. For the time being, the governance of France was decentralized.
Because only tax-paying males could vote and win election to office, who firmly held the reins of power?
The bourgeoisie held the reins of power because of this.
To undermine old loyalties and the power of the provincial nobility, the National Assembly created?
They created 83 newly named departments, each almost equal in size and administered by locally elected assemblies and officials.
The National Assembly took France's judicial system out of whose hands?
They took France's judicial system out of the hands of the nobility and clergy. It created new civil and criminal courts, with elected judges.
France's complex, unequal system of taxation was replaced by?
It was replaced by uniform taxes on land and the profits of trade and industry.
The new government (National Assembly) linked reform of the Catholic Church with?
They linked reform of the Catholic Church with the financial problems they faced. Repudiating France's debt was out of the question because part of it was owed to members of the bourgeoisie.
To pay for its expenditures, the National Assembly issued what?
They issued what amounted to paper money called assignats. To back up the assignats, pay off the debt, and at the same time bring the church under governmental control, government officials confiscated and sold church property.
The seizure of property (by the government officials of the National Assembly) constituted what?
It constituted a major step toward the nationalization of the church.
The Assembly dissolved and prohibited?
The Assembly dissolved all convents and monasteries and prohibited the taking of religious vows.
Who would elect the clergy?
The people would elect the clergy, including non-Roman Catholics, and the state would pay their salaries.
The measures of reform on the Catholic Church were incorporated in?
They were incorporated in the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, to which all members of the clergy were required to take an oath of allegiance to perform their functions and draw their salaries.
Why did the Civil Constitution of the Clergy prove too much for many religious officials?
It proved too much for many religious officials because it threatened the very independence of the clergy.
How much of the clergy of France refused to take the oath of allegiance delineated in the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?
Approximately half the clergy of France, including nearly all the bishops, refused to take the oath.
The defection of half the clergy of France (not taking the oath of allegiance delineated in the Civil Constitution of the Clergy) created?
It created a long-lasting division among France's Catholic population. The Revolution would lose the support of many French citizens who felt loyal to the old church and their loyal priests.
Why must Louis XVI have resented the reforms of the National Assembly?
He must have resented these reforms because they diluted his power and put Paris under the control of his former subjects.
What did the royal family do on June 20, 1791?
On June 20, 1791, the royal family, in disguise, escaped from Paris and headed by coach to France's northeastern frontier, where Louis hoped to find supporters and perhaps reverse the tide of events.
Was the royal family's escape a failure or a success?
It was a failure; officials arrested them in Varennes and returned them to Paris.
To save face after the royal family was arrested by officials in Varennes, what did the government do?
To save face, the government concocted a thin story about the royal family being kidnapped, but in many eyes the king and queen had now become traitors.
In October 1791 (after the royal family's attempted escape), the National Assembly gave way to?
The National Assembly gave way to the Legislative Assembly, with all new representatives elected under the new rules.
In only 2 years and with relatively little bloodshed, France had been?
France had been made over. France now boasted a more democratic electoral system than England or the USA.
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Flashcard (36)