APUSH Unit 1- Heil

Corn(maize)

A stable crop, a part of the Three sisters, that was traded by Native Americans and helped in the cultivation and economical support of many tribes.

Horses

A mode of transportation that came from Europe/Africa and was traded to the Americas.

Diseases

A major transfer from the European/Africans to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange. Natives were not immune to their diseases and caused large devastation among the populations of Natives; the most common was Smallpox.

Encomienda system

The Spanish Crown would allow Natives to live on their sacred land, if they became Christianized.

Asiento system

Spanish Crown granting a company or person to have a hand in the slave trade and choose the slaves they want before they came to the mainland.

Slavery

Africans were transported to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange and became enslaved to Spaniards. They were chosen as slaves because they were much less willing to fight back compared to Natives.

Land bridge

A theory that after the glaciers over America melted, there emerged a land bridge between Asia and America. People crossed the bridge before ocean level rose and Natives inhabited the Americas.

Adena

Hopewell

Hokokam, Anansazi, and Pueblos

All were Native American tribes that inhabited the arid land of New Mexico and Arizona. They were most commonly farmers and supported themselves with a strong irrigation system. They lived in caves and under cliffs while also building multi

Woodland Mound Builders

Apart from the Adena and Hopewells, they also built similar mounds along the Ohio River for burials, defense, and religious purposes.

Lakota Sioux

A Native American tribe of the Midwest that was known for their warrior culture and hunter

Mayas

A tribe that inhabited the Yucatan Peninsula and built large stone temples that were meant for rulers that were chosen by the gods.

Incas

A tribe from South America, inhabiting mainly the Andes Mountains. They had a population of around 16 million for over 350,000 square miles. They used their area well and grew crops in mountain valleys.

Aztecs

A tribe from central/mezzo

Conquistadores

Spanish or Portuguese soldier or explorer that conquered or colonized the land of the Americas from sixteenth to eighteenth century.

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who found and conquered the Aztec Empire and enslaved many Natives. Also infamous for destroying his own ship so his men wouldn’t abandon their cause.

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish conquistador that conquered the Inca Empire and gained control over South America.

New Laws of 1542

King Charles V abolished slavery in the Indies and ended the Encomienda system.

Roanoke Island

An island off the coast of Virginia, John White (British) settled onto the island with his men, creating a colony. White had to leave to retrieve supplies from England and returned three years later. All the inhabitants were gone.

Compass

A device used to direct yourself North, using the magnetic force of the North Pole.

Printing Press

A press where you applied ink to one side then pressed down, transferring the ink to the paper.

Ferdinand and Isabella

Married monarchs that united Spain under the Catholic

Protestant Reformation

A surge of religion through Europe in the sixteenth century and caused for the creation of the Christian branch of Protestant religion.

Prince Henry the Navigator

A Portuguese prince that found a way to Asia by going around Africa and creating a trading post empire on the African waterside.

Christopher Columbus

Spanish sailor that received a grant from Ferdinand and Isabella to find a water route to Asia without going around Africa. Ended up sailing west and finding the Caribbean, mistaking it for the Indies and calling the natives there Indians. He came back to Spain with gold jewelry and enslaved natives.

Treaty of Tordesillas

A treaty between Spain and Portugal that divided the Americas land between them. Portugal took Africa and a small part of South America. While Spain took most of South and North America for themselves.

Slave Trade

Slaves were taken from Africa and shipped to the Americas. Natives were not chosen to be slaves because they were more likely to escape or flee their masters.

Nation

state

Algonquian

A native American tribe that used to live along the Ottawa River valley.

Siouan

The family of languages that are spoken by the Sioux native American tribes.

Iroquois Confederation

Settling in upper America (New York Region), five nations of Iroquois Native Americans created their own societies in each of their nations.

Longhouses

Wooden houses created by the Iroquois Native Americans that were long and stable for living. Were not moveable and were common in their hunter

John Cabot

An Italian navigator that helped claim the Canadian area for Britain.

Jacques Cartier

A French explorer that was the first to successfully navigate the Saint Lawerence River.

Samuel de Champlain

A French explorer that founded the city of Quebec and brought the French colonies to America.

Henry Hudson

A British explorer that found a water route from Europe to Asia through the Arctic Ocean.

Bartolome de Las Casas

A Spanish priest who heavily opposed the enslavement of Native Americans.

Valladolid Debate

First debate in history to discuss the oppression of Native Americans after Europe set foot in the Americas.

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

A Spanish lawyer that debated Las Casas and believed that Natives needed to be oppressed.