ARTAPP MOD 5 QUIZ

Art History

The description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of art from past to present.

Prehistoric art

The oldest form of human records, created prior to written records, often involving stone, painting, carving, pottery, and weaving.

Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic

The three main periods of Prehistoric art, circa 30,000 BCE – 2,000 BCE.

Cueva de las Manos

A prehistoric hunting scene painted in Argentina circa 13,500–9,500 BCE, using natural pigments.

Thespis

A 6th-century BC priest of Dionysus credited with developing a more structured form of drama, considered the "Birth of Theatre".

Aeschylus

An ancient Greek tragedian who added a second actor, increasing dramatic potential, and is famous for creating the trilogy.

Sophocles

A Greek tragedian credited with adding a third actor, his greatest masterpiece is Oedipus the King.

Euripides

The youngest of the three great Greek tragedians, known for introducing unconventional views of Greek myth and human frailties.

Aristophanes

Known as the "Father of Comedy," he frequently won first prize at the Lenaea festival.

The Colosseum

Rome's most impressive monument, could seat over 50,000 spectators, later used as a stone quarry for palaces.

Mosaic

A piece of art or image made from assembling small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials called tesserae.

Tesserae

Small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials used to create a mosaic.

Medieval Period

The period from 500 CE to 1500 CE, where art was mostly focused on Christian themes and was more symbolic than realistic.

Byzantine art

The conservative art of Emperor Justinian’s empire, focusing on religious elements.

Hagia Sophia - Holy Wisdom

a grand church built under Emperor Justinian in Constantinople. Its translation is _______.

Romanesque art - Fortress of God

Medieval art style featuring massive buildings, solid heavy walls, rounded Roman arches, and fort-like dwellings, also often called “________”

Gothic art

Medieval art style characterized by the pointed arch and flying buttress, which allowed for taller buildings and more natural light.

Pointed Arch

An architectural feature used in Gothic structures to support tall buildings and let in natural light.

Flying Buttress

A support brace placed on the outside of a Gothic cathedral to help support the weight of the stone roof.

Stained Glass

An artistic arrangement of colored glass pieces held in place with lead strips, filling buildings with softly tinted light.

Fresco

A painting created by applying pigment to a section of a wall spread with fresh plaster.

concrete

The Romans were the first to use _____ as a standard material in constructions.

Arches

Used by Romans to build aqueduct systems and in the construction of the Colosseum.

Catholic Church

The collapse of Roman Empire, after which Western Europe became decentralized except for the _______.

Renaissance

A period of rebirth, revival of learning, and renewed cultural awareness in Europe from the 14th to early 17th century, shifting focus from Theology to Humanities.

Linear Perspective

A mathematical system invented by Filippo Brunelleschi to create the illusion of space and distance on a flat surface.

Filippo Brunelleschi

Italian architect who invented linear perspective.

Donatello

Created the first freestanding statues of the Renaissance, independent of architecture.

Andrea Mantegna

Painted heroic figures using dramatic perspective that gives the illusion of looking up from below.

Antonello da Messina

Made portraits with illusion of life, characterized by strong colors and precision of architectural forms.

Sandro Botticelli

Painted Birth of Venus and Primavera, known for sophisticated understanding of perspective, anatomy, and humanism.

High Renaissance

Period marked by unity, dramatic force, and life-like human forms in paintings.

Michelangelo

Sculptor of David and Pieta, also painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling fresco.

Sistine Chapel ceiling

A world-famous fresco painted by Michelangelo under Pope Julius II.

Leonardo da Vinci

Epitomized the Renaissance humanistic ideal, studied human anatomy, and used atmospheric perspective in paintings.

Atmospheric perspective

A method using hue, value, and intensity to show distant objects as bluer, lighter, and duller, creating three-dimensional illusion.

Mona Lisa - Francesco del Giocondo

A portrait by Leonardo da Vinci of Lisa Gherardini, considered the prototype of the Renaissance portrait. In addition, identify her husband _______.

Madonna dell Granduca

A painting by Raphael considered a classical standard of perfection.

Sofonisba Anguissola

A portrait painter known for natural poses, expressive eyes, and fine details ; her paintings were said to be so lifelike they lacked only speech.

Northern Renaissance

The spread of Renaissance to Northern Europe, characterized more by refining technique than rebirth, and introducing oil paint.

Oil paint

A mixture of pigment, linseed oil, and turpentine, introduced by the Northern Renaissance.

Jan van Eyck

Early Netherlandish painter and founder of Early Netherlandish painting, significant representative of Northern Renaissance.

Protestant Reformation

A 16th century movement initiated by Martin Luther that drew many away from the Catholic Church, leading artists to paint portraits and scenes of everyday life.

Counter-Reformation

A period where artists were asked to create works to renew religious spirit, leading to the Baroque style.

Baroque Art

An art style emphasizing movement, contrast, and variety, often used to express the triumph of the Catholic Church.

Baroque Architecture

A building style that used Renaissance architectural vocabulary in a theatrical fashion to express Catholic triumph.

Landscape paintings

Popular 17th century scenes aiming for verisimilitude, or the appearance of being true or real.

Willem Kalf

A gifted still life painter known for harmonies of shapes, colors, textures, reflections, and transparencies.

Opera

Born from the Florentine Camerata's attempts to recreate Greek tragedies through chorus, solo singing, dancing, and mythological plots

Enlightenment

An 18th century period emphasizing reason, order, classicism, and cohesive civilization over passion and irrationality, also known as the Age of Reason.

Denis Diderot

French philosopher, art critic, and writer who served as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie.

Encyclopedie

A publication co-founded by Diderot that is considered to be the start of society's de-Christianization.

Voltaire

French philosopher who denounced the arbitrary nature of justice, associated with the La Barre affair.

Jeffersonian Architecture

An architectural style from the Enlightenment period in America.

Edmund Burke

A thinker who questioned what reason fails to address, marking the transition to the 19th century.

William Wordsworth

English poet who co-authored Lyrical Ballads, a key work of the Romantic period.

Samuel Coleridge

English poet who co-authored Lyrical Ballads with William Wordsworth.

Lyrical Ballads

A collection of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge that marked a shift to Romanticism.

Romanticism

A 19th century movement emphasizing passion, feeling, irrationality, experimentation, wild nature, and the individual over reason and order.

Marie-Guillemine Benoist

An artist who made a radical break from 18th century tradition of representing non-European people.

Eugene Delacroix

has an ambition to paint to large history pictures ; born after the Revolution

Theodore Gericault

French painter who shifted his emphasis from heroism to suffering and from victors to victims.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

devotee of Raphael ; opposition of Delacroix

Camera Obscura

A natural optical phenomenon where an image is projected through a small hole as a reversed and inverted image on a surface.

Louis Jacques-Mande Daguerre

Creator of Le Boulevard du Temple (1838), an early photograph.

William Henry Fox Talbot

Patented the calotype, the first negative-positive process that made it possible to multiply the same image.

Calotype

The first negative-positive process patented by Talbot, using silver chloride paper made translucent with wax.

Realism

A 19th century art movement rejecting Romanticism's imagination, focusing on accurate observation of ordinary life and explicit subjects.

Winslow Homer

American painter known for powerful marine subjects, among the most expressive of late 19th century American art.

Thomas Eakins

Regarded as one of the greatest American realist painters of his time.

Henry Ossawa Tanner

Important African American artist and former student of Thomas Eakins. He had a painting accepted by the Salon in 1894.

Mary Cassatt

American painter influenced by Impressionists, later shifted to Post-Impressionism.

Impressionism

A 19th century art movement that influenced Mary Cassatt.

Post-Impressionism

The art movement Mary Cassatt shifted to after being influenced by Impressionism.

Melodrama

A 19th century performing arts genre depicted by Honore Daumier.

Swan Lake

A ballet composed by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in 1875-1876.

Sarah Bernhardt

Actress featured in Art Nouveau posters as Gismonda, Medea, Hamlet, and Lorenzaccio.

The Horse in Motion

A series of photographs by Eadweard J. Muybridge from 1878 capturing motion.

Roundhay Garden Scene

A short film by Louis Le Prince from 1888.

L'Arrivee d'un Train A la Ciotat

A short film by the Lumière brothers from 1895

Fauvism

An art style using intense, often wild color combinations

wild beasts

the name comes from "fauves" (French for ______) coined by an outraged critic in 1905.

Henri Matisse

Leader of the group Les Fauves and the oldest among the Fauvist painters.

Andre Derain

The most gifted painter among the Fauvist group.

Expressionism

A style of art emphasizing innermost feelings, presenting the world from a subjective perspective and distorting reality for emotional effect to evoke moods or ideas.

Paula Modersohn-Becker

A German painter and early expressionist who was the first female painter to paint nude self-portraits.

Wassily Kandinsky

A Russian-born artist known for creating non-representational art featuring brightly colored shapes and lines that seem to dance.

Cubism

An art style where objects and the space around them are broken up into different shapes and put back together in a new relationship.

Pablo Picasso

A highly influential 20th century artist known for co-founding the Cubist movement.

Georges Braque

A major French painter, collagist, and sculptor who played a key role in the development of Cubism alongside Fauvism.

Jacques Lipchitz

A Lithuanian-born sculptor who explored Cubism through sculptures after studying in Paris.

Dadaism

An anarchic, nihilistic, and disruptive state of mind that mocked established values and traditional notions of good taste. The name "dada" is a nonsense word.

Surrealism

An art style that probed the subconscious world of dreams to unlock the power of the imagination, challenging the Enlightenment's suppression of the irrational.

Frank Lloyd Wright

An American architect who designed over 1,000 structures and believed in designing in harmony with humanity and the environment.

Organic Architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright's philosophy of designing structures that are in harmony with humanity and their environment.

Falling Water

A 1935 house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright that best exemplifies Organic Architecture and is called the best all-time work of American architecture.

Realism

The most popular and longest-standing modern theatre movement with a "likeness to life" where problems of real life are represented realistically and lower or middle class protagonists rise against odds.

Naturalism

An extreme form of Realism that meticulously recreates reality where characters are mere victims with little to no heroism, mostly from lower class society.

Antirealism

An umbrella term for movements like Futurism, Expressionism, Dadaism, and Constructivism that distort reality or upend bourgeois sensibilities.

George M. Cohan

An American entertainer in the 1900s known before WWI as "the man who owned Broadway."