APUSH Unit 8 & 9

Cold War

Period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies from 1945 until the early 1990s. (A battle of ideologies; spread vs contain communism) (globalization/expansionist)

Yalta Conference

Prez FDR met Churchill and Stalin in Yalta (Southern Ukraine) in 1945 feb; discussed treatment of Germany after the war, Poland, the U.N., and Russian entry into war against Japan

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Military alliance formed in 1949 among west European nations, Canada, and US to counter any possible Soviet threat

Taft Hartley Act

Law passed by Republican controlled Congress in 1947 that overhaul 1935 national labor relations act placing restrictions on organize labor that made it more difficult for unions to organize workers

New Look

Defense policy of Eisenhower administration that stepped up production of hydrogen bombs and develop long range bombing capabilities

United Nations (hint; vs warsaw)

International body founded in SF 1945 of general assembly representing all nations. Security council: US, UK, France, China, SSRS, +6 more (rotating)

Warsaw Pact (hint; vs nato)

A military alliance established in eastern Europe in 1955 to counter the NATO alliance included Albania Bulgaria struck Czechoslovakia east Germany Hungary Poland Romania and the Soviet union

Fair Deal

Domestic policy agenda announced by President hairiest Truman in 1949 which included civil rights healthcare public housing and education funding Congress rejected most of it

Domino Theory

The fall of non-communist government communism in Southeast Asia would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries it was a theory or president Eisenhower

Eisenhower Doctrine

1957 doctrine that US actively combat communism in Middle East

Bay of Pigs

Failed US sponsored invasion of Cuba in 1961 by anti-Castro forces who plan to overthrow the Fidel Castro government

Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 nuclear standoff between Soviet Union and United States when Soviets attempted to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba

Peace Corps

Launch by President JFK in 1961 through which the young American volunteers to help with education health and other projects in developing countries around the world

Fidel Castro

Fidel Castro was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008. He was the leader of the Cuban Revolution and a prominent figure in the Cold War.

JFK

John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States. He is mainly known for his leadership during the Cuban Missile Crisis, his advocacy for civil rights, and his vision to land a man on the moon.

Ho Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese revolutionary and politician who served as the founding father and first President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He played a key role in the country's struggle for independence from French colonial rule.

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Congressional committee especially prominent during the early years of the Cold War that investigated Americans who may be disloyal to the government or may have been associate with communist or other radicals

Loyalty Security Program

Program created in 1947 by president Truman that permitted officials to investigate any employee of the federal government for subversive activities (red scare-hunting 4 communists)

NSC 68

Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning the national survival in the face of Soviet communism required massive military buildup

Cold War Liberalism

Combination of liberal policies preserved the new deal welfare state anti-Communism vilifying the Soviet union abroad and radicalism at home adopted by the Democratic Party after World War II

Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Khrushchev was a Soviet politician who served as the leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. He is known for his role in the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Joseph McCarthy

Joseph McCarthy was a U.S. senator known for leading anti-communist investigations in the 1950s, known as the McCarthy era, which led to widespread fear and suspicion of communism in America.

Joseph Stalin

Stalin was a Soviet politician who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. He was known for his brutal dictatorship, industrialization policies, and the Great Purge.

George F Kennan

George F. Kennan was an American diplomat and historian known for his role in shaping U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War. He is best known for advocating the policy of containment against Soviet expansionism.

Containment

Basic US policy of the cold war that start to contain communism within its existing geographic boundaries; first started with ssrs & Eastern Europe and then included China, korea, and post colonial world

Potsdam Conference

July-August 1945; SSRS Stalin accepts German reparations only from Soviet zone in East Germany; in exchange US' must recognize SSRS drawn polish border; paved way for division of east Germany

Truman Doctrine

President hairiest Truman's commitment to support free people who are ‘resisting attempt subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures’; applied to Greece and Turkey - 1947; became the justification for US intervention in several countries during Cold War

Marshall Plan

Aid program began in 1948 to help European economies recover from World War II

ww2

ends sept 2, 1945

korean war

38th parallel north Korea communism versus South Korea democracy

1948 Truman executive order 9981

Military troops must be desegregated

Berlin airlift

321 days US planes flew mission to bring food and supplies to Berlin after Soviet union block all surface roots into former German capital

Military industrial complex

relationship between a country's military and the defense industry that supplies i

arms race

they could never use them = mutual destruction

McCarthyism

McCarthyism was a period in the United States during the 1950s characterized by intense anti-communist suspicion and persecution of alleged communists. Senator Joseph McCarthy led a campaign to expose and eliminate communist influence in American government and society.

Breton Woods

An International conference established the World Bank and International Monetary Fund-IMF (July 1944)

Hollywood 10

these 10 Hollywood directors were held in contempt of Congress; blacklisted; jail time. Also, labor unions were reduced by Red scare

GI Bill (Servicemens readjustment act)

go to college 4 free,buy a house

interstate highway system 1956

50s; big projects; people move faster w/ cars and sun belt where familys go in the south

baby boom

Baby Boom: The significant increase in birth rates in Western countries, especially the United States, after World War II, lasting from the mid-1940s to the early 1960s. This demographic phenomenon led to a large generation of people born during this period.

william j leviitt; levitttown

low cost solution

sun belt

A shift for people to move to the south near the sunflower spa economic opportunities and housing; shift political power from north and midwest to the south

mass culture post war

conform; mccarthyism

1950s: all had televisions (leave it to beaver, father knows best)

middle class; more money to spend\

credit cards

rocknroll

beact nicks - artists

jd sallinger; the catcher and the rye

affluentsociety

critique in book

beats

persoal freedom and drugs + sex

alfred kinsley homophile

shelly v kramer

outlaws restrictive housing

kerner commision

investigate 1967 urban riots; seperate society is bad b;ack vs white

right liberalism

entitled to self identity

order 8802

no disc in defense jobs

dixiecrats (state rights dems)

white breakaway democrats

communityservices organization/american gi forum

latino support

black panther party

heuy bobby

young lords organization

puerto rico

aim - am indian movement

econ opp actt

free nursery job corps

gu;lf of tonkin - authority to have viet war