Cell Membrane and Protein Functions

These flashcards cover the key concepts of cell membrane structure and functions, including details on phospholipids, types of proteins, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis and communication within the cell.

Cell Membrane

Maintains homeostasis by controlling what enters and exits the cell.

Phospholipid Bilayer

The structure of the cell membrane composed of two phospholipids, each having a hydrophilic (head) and hydrophobic (tail) part.

Hydrophilic

Water-loving; refers to the head of a phospholipid.

Hydrophobic

Water-hating; refers to the tails of a phospholipid.

Transport Proteins

Proteins that facilitate the passage of specific molecules through the cell membrane.

Channel Proteins

Transport proteins that create open tunnels allowing molecules to flow through the membrane.

Carrier Proteins

Transport proteins that change shape to move molecules across the cell membrane.

Receptor Proteins

Proteins that sit on the cell membrane and receive signals from outside the cell, triggering an internal response.

Marker Proteins

Proteins that often have carbohydrates attached, helping the immune system recognize self from non-self cells.

Glycoproteins

Proteins with carbohydrates attached that serve as markers for cell recognition.