Psych 255 Unit 6

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17 Terms

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psychopharmacology

the study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and on behavior

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substance use disorder

A diagnostic term for a pattern of drug use in which people rely on a drug chronically and excessively, allowing it to occupy a central place in their life.

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psycoactive drugs

Substances that act to alter mood, thought, or behavior, are used to manage neuropsychological illness, and may be taken recreationally

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Agonist

substance that enhances neurotransmitter function

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Antagonist

substance that blocks neurotransmitter function

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Tolerance

decreased response to a drug with repeated exposure

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Sensitization

learned behavior in which the response to a stimulus strengthens with repeated presentations

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Barbiturates

mimics the effects of GABA

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Benzodiazepines

enhance effects of GABA by increasing GABA's binding to its receptor site (enhances Cl- influx indirectly)

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Antidepressants

drugs that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters in the brain.

- monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
- tricyclic antidepressants
- second generation / selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Elevate norepinephrine and serotonin in brain by blocking an enzyme (i.e., monoamine oxidase) that deactivates these neurotransmitters

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tricyclic antidepressants

Boost norepinephrine and serotonin in brain by preventing normal reuptake of these substances

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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

(eg, Prozac) work same way as tricyclic antidepressants but targets serotonin

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Narcotic Analgesics (Opioids)

- natural or synthetic drugs derived from opium poppy
- eg, opium, codeine, morphine, heroin
- sleep inducing (narcotic)
- pain-relieving (analgesic)
- act on endorphin (endogenous morphine-like substance) receptors in the brain

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Behavioural stimulants

- affect motor activity and mood
- increases motor behaviour, mood, and alertness
- block DA reuptake
- amphetamine also increases DA release

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General Stimulants

- nicotine, tobacco, and caffeine
- increase alertness and motor behaviour
- drug actions
- Caffeine blocks adenosine receptors (an inhibitory NT), in addition to having other actions

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psychedelic drugs

A category of psychoactive drugs that create sensory and perceptual distortions, alter mood, and affect thinking.

- E.g., LSD, psilocybin, mescaline
- alter sensory perception and cognitive processes
- Serotonin agonists, but also alter the functioning of other transmitter systems