NSO chap 2

Microorganisms.

What are organisms you cannot see with ur naked eye called?

They are called microorganisms. only visible through microscopes.

what are some features of microorganisms called?

They are either 1 celled organisms or a collection of undifferentiated cells. They can adapt to extreme environmental conditions and extreme climates as they live in air, soil or water.

What are the 5 categories of microorganisms.

Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and viruses

are bacteria related more to plants or animals? and why?

Bacteria are single celled aka unicellular organisms, as they have cell walls they are more like plants. Bacteria were part of the first living organisms that evolved on earth(monera)and are the simplest living organism found on earth.

What size are bacteria?

from 0.2 microns to 100microns(1micron = 0.0001 cm)

What are the 4 bacterias we have to learn?

Bacilli; causes diseases: long look like pills. cocci; some cause diseases:sphere. Spirilla:wavy. Vibrio:comma

What is the structure of bacteria?

outermost covering is cell wall. No well developed nucleus though chromosomes(nuclear material) are present in cytoplasm the jelly like substance in the cell. The cell is covered with a gelatin-like material called capsule. some bacteria have flagella, they are thread-ish structures for moving

How do bacteria get food/energy?

They usually get food as saprophytes or parasites(saprophytes get from dead things and parasites from live things usually harming it). some do exist which can create there own with sunlight or chemicals like sulphur, etc. Some bacteria do live in symbiotic relations with plants. 

How do bacteria reproduce?

They reproduce through a system called binary fission or multiple fission. This happens when the bacteria’s chromosome multiplies into 2 and gets attached to different ends of the cell wall. then a septum forms in the middle dividing it into 2 halfs. then it seperates and forms 2 cells. once they grow they can also reproduce. most multiply very fast.

What is the classification of fungi?

They are plant like organisms which do not contain chlorophyll.

Where do fungi grow?

While they grow in all regions, they prefer dark warm and moist places.

Describe fungi?

they are plants which do not contain chlorophyll and can be unicellular or multicellular. They cannot make there foods so then are either saprophytic or parasitic. They have well defined nucleus, cell organelles and a cell wall. 

What is saprophytic and parasitic?

Saprophytic is where the thing gets it food through something dead which acts as the host. Parasitic is where the thing is getting food from a living thing and is usually harming it for sustenance.

How does fungi reproduce?

Budding: fungi gets a small pore growing from the side, it slowly grows splitting the nucleus until it is fully grown after which it separates(multiple buds at same time). Binary fission where it makes 2 daughter cells by making 2 neucli and then splitting(fast). Fragmentation where it gets divide into bits which then grow back fully. or forming dust spores which spread and regrow. under favourable conditions can also reproduce sexually.