Pediatric Ambulatory Care Questions

This set of flashcards covers essential concepts, treatments, and guidelines for pediatric ambulatory care, specifically focusing on allergic rhinitis, cough and cold treatments, fever management, and infant colic.

What is the primary objective of managing allergic rhinitis in pediatric patients?

To reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.

During which life stage does the incidence of allergic rhinitis typically peak?

Adulthood.

What are the two main classifications of allergies relevant to rhinitis?

Seasonal and perennial allergies.

Which of the following is a common trigger for allergic rhinitis?

Pet dander.

Which non-pharmacologic intervention is recommended for children with allergic rhinitis?

Washing bedding weekly in hot water.

A child with a cough should be referred to a physician if they present with which of the following?

Severe cough spells or fever over 100.4^{\circ}F.

What is recognized as the first-line pharmacologic treatment for allergic rhinitis?

Nasal corticosteroids.

What is a common local side effect associated with the use of nasal corticosteroids?

Nasal burning or irritation.

For selected oral antihistamines, at what minimum age can administration begin for children?

6 months.

Codeine is contraindicated in children due to the significant risk of which serious adverse effect?

Severe respiratory depression. 

Which set of symptoms is characteristic of a common cold?

Cough, runny nose, sore throat, fatigue, and low-grade fever.

What is the primary therapeutic action of Guaifenesin in the management of cough?

To decrease viscosity of secretions and promote clearance.

In children younger than 3 months, a fever is defined as a temperature of:

100.4F (38.0C) or higher

Which non-pharmacologic interventions are commonly recommended for managing fever in children?

Cool compresses and warm baths.

In the context of fever management, which practice should be explicitly avoided due to potential risks?

Alcohol baths.

Using aspirin in children carries a significant risk of developing which severe condition?

Reye's syndrome.

Which combination of symptoms is characteristic of infant colic?

Excessive crying, passing gas, irritability, and clenched fists.

What is the key recommendation for managing infant colic?

Providing time and comfort; symptoms generally dissipate by 6 months. 

What are the recommended non-pharmacologic treatments for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants?

Thickened feeds and proper positioning after feeding.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for GERD are generally not recommended for use in children younger than what age?

18 years.