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Reaction Rate
How fast the amount of reactant or product changes
Δ amount / Δ time
Describe ways to monitor reaction rates in an open system
Change in mass of gas
Temperature change *
Concentration change of coloured ions
Change in pH
Describe ways to monitor reaction rates in a closed system
Temperature change
Change in pressure
Change in volume
Concentration of coloured ions changes
Change in pH
Ways to measure reaction rates
Average rate (overall rate in specific time frame ex: 5s-25s)
Instantaneous Rate (rate at a specific moment in time ex: 10.00s)
What are factors that affect reaction rates?
Surface area (increasing Surface Area makes reaction rate increase)
—> only affects solids in heterogeneous rxn
Temperature
—> affects all rxns
Pressure
—> only affects rxns with gaseous reactants
Phase
—> think mobility, proximity, attraction
Nature of Reactants
—> strength of bonds, # of bonds
Describe collision theory & effective collisions
For a rxn to occur, molecules must
collide
Have sufficient KE
Have correct molecular geometry when colliding
Explain energy changes in chemical reactions
Endothermic reactions have more potential energy
Exothermic reactions have more kinetic energy
How can you measure the ΔH
Distance from reactants to products
What does a catalyst do?
Speeds up a rxn without getting used up
Rate Determining Step
Slowest reaction/ equation
Reaction Intermediates
Produced + used up in a reaction
(Cancels out in equation)
Activated Complex
Highest Potential Energy in whole reaction
