Biology - NUTRITION AND DIGESTION

what atoms are carbohydrates made up of?

glucose or maltose

what are proteins made up of?

amino acids

what are lipids made up of?

fatty acids and glycerol

what atoms do carbohydrates contain?

• carbon

• hydrogen

• oxygen

what atoms do proteins contain?

• carbon

• hydrogen

• oxygen

• nitrogen

what atoms do lipids contain?

• carbon

• hydrogen

• oxygen

tell me about Benedict's food test


• test for glucose

• blue to brick red

tell me about Biuret's food test

• test for proteins

• blue to lilac

tell me about Iodine Solution food test

• test for starch

• orange brown to blue black

tell me about ethanol food test


• test for fats

• transparent to milky white

what are the 7 essential nutrients


• carbohydrates

• proteins

• lipids

• vitamins

• minerals

• water

• fibre

what does vitamin A do

• improves vision

• keeps skin and hair healthy

what does vitamin C do

prevents scurvy

what does vitamin D do

helps calcium absorption

what does calcium do

strengthens bones and teeth

what does iron do

makes haemoglobin for healthy blood

what do digestive enzymes do

break big molecules into smaller ones

examples of big molecules

• starch

• protein

• fats

examples of small molecules

• sugars

• amino acids

• glycerol

• fatty acids

amylase converts … into …

maltase converts … into …

starch into maltose

maltose into glucose

proteases converts … into …

proteins into amino acids

lipases convert … into …

lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

bile … the stomach acid and … fats

neutralises emulsifies

bile is produced in the …

stored in the …

then released into the …

liver

gall bladder

small intestine

bile is alkaline, it neutralises the … in the … and makes conditions alkaline

hydrochloric acid, stomach

bile breaks down fats, what is the effect on digestion

bigger surface area so faster digestion

MOUTH - what enzyme do the salivary glands produce

amylase

STOMACH - what enzyme does it produce

protease

STOMACH - what is the hydrochloric acid used for

• kill bacteria

• create an optimum pH (2)

LIVER - where … is produced

bile

GALL BLADDER - where … is stored

bile

PANCREAS - what 2 enzymes does it produce

• protease

• lipase

SMALL INTESTINE - what 3 enzymes does it produce

• amylase

• protease

• lipase

what do villi do

and where

help with absorption, make a bigger surface area

small intestine