(AP World) Unit 2: Trade Networks

im so tired

The Indian Ocean Trade

A network of sea routes that connected the various states throughout Afro-Eurasia through trade. This network was used not only to trade food and stuff, but also knowledge, culture, and innovations.

Mongols

A nomadic group from Central Asia that united under Genghis Khan, known for their vast empire and significant impact on trade routes and cultural exchange during the 13th and 14th centuries.

maritime trade

trade over ocean

Sea-based travel AROSE due to…

disappearance of Mongols

Commercial practices

paper money, credit, etc.

Magnetic Compass

Used by navigators by pointing to the North Pole, was made by the Chinese

Astrolabe

navigation by stars, helped establish latitude

Lateen sail

triangular shape, made the wind easier to catch, introduced by Arabic merchants

Dhow

a type of sailing vessel popular in the Indian Ocean, characterized by a lateen sail. Made by Arabs.

How did Islam spread

Through Islamic merchants who became merchants to not only spread Islam, but mainly due to Muhammed being a merchant and they looked up to him

Main items traded on Silk Road

silk and porcelain

The Indian Ocean mainly allowed trade of…

of supreme cotton textiles. They also were able to trade grains with better storage of goods. Also, luxury goods for certain people who requested them.

Strait of Malacca (city state)

thrived over taxing those who passed through Malaccan islands

Swahili (city state) thrived because…

a lot of their coasts were filled with ports. Ships would come, trade, chill.

Gujarat (city state) thrived off of trade because…

they had access to the Middle East, the Eastern coast of Africa, and India. They were able to trade gold and silver coming out of the Middle East, and got rich thanks to the Malaccan ships going through.

Diaspora

disperse, a group of people from one place who go to another while still having their cultural customs.

Diasporic communities

in East Africa communicated with merchants in China, so they’d communicate and this HELD the Indian Ocean Trade Network together.

EUNUCHED

no balls

Big thing that China had and would be useful later on…

GUNPOWDER

Trans-saharen Trade Network

Trade routes that cut through the desert connect North Africa, the Mediterranean world, with the interior of West Africa and the rest of sub-Saharan Africa.

Camels

Provided easily accessible and versatile transportation for trade in the Trans-saharen trade network through the harsh deserts

Saddles

contributed to traveling comfortably and the domestication of animals

Caravanserai

places to rest situated around oasis’s, a rest stop of sorts

Gold

malleable, rare, pretty metal

Kola nuts

make cocaine

Horses

allowed transportation and were used for labor, trade, and military. Reliable animals.

Salt

helped with preserving and seasoning food

EMPIRE OF MALI (aka Wakanda)

Was popular due to being close to the coast, but also near the desert. Rivers cut through cities, and cities trade through other cities using it, civilizations were surrounded by these rivers. Had gold mines, and grew wealthy. Adapted Islam, had religious and economic connection.

Mansa Musa

Was such a pimp that he caused inflation due to how much gold he gave out to people. He came to power in 1312. He had control over two important trade routes over the Meditarranean and West Africa. He had an interest in Timbuktu, which had religious education after him with schools and mosques.

Uh oh… Constantinople…

Was changed into Istanbul after getting invaded by the Ottomans.

IBN BATTUTA

he was a muslim scholar who spent thirty years traveling around Dar-Al-Islam. He knew a lot about the religion about Islam, and he wanted to write about these communtiies and how Islam was practiced there. He became popular, and was welcomed by rulers, he was welcomed by others.

MARCO POLO

his accounts were so famous that they made a show about it, he's from Venice Italy. When he went to Europe they thought he was full of bs, and decided to verify the wealth and greatness of China. Europeans became desperate to figure out how to quickly reach Asia, which led to them discovering America.

MARGERY KEMP

she also had amazing observations, she couldn’t read or write but she travelled to spots of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam, and had extremely detailed accounts. She’d tell them to others, and allow them to write them down for her.

Bananas…

were introduced to Africa from Southeast Asia because of the Indian Ocean Trade. Africa had the same latitude as some of the same Southeast Asian islands, which provided the lush tropical rainforests. They were very healthy, and allowed for population growth.

Champa rice

in East Asia was introduced from the Champa Kingdom in Vietnam to China. China’s population exploded, and their health was better due to the variation in food.

Citrus fruits

were introduced by Muslim trades and spread throughout Europe, similar effects as the previously introduced foods.

The Bubonic Plague

was caused by the Mongols that erupted in Northern China, so it spread quickly amongst trade routes. In parts of Europe it was detrimental to the population, it literally killed half the people in some places.

The Black Death

spread throughout Europe, and in densely populated places it thrived. It heavily decreased the population, and it had a fatality rate of 30 to 70%. It got rid of  a quarter of Europes population.

Voyages of Zheng He

These were a series of maritime expeditions led by the Chinese admiral Zheng He during the early 15th century, aimed at establishing trade relations and displaying Chinese power throughout the Indian Ocean and beyond.

Timbuktu

This was a major trading city in West Africa, known for its wealth, cultural exchange, and as a center for Islamic scholarship during the medieval period.

Example of Rising Cities

Timbuktu, Kashgar, and Malacca were key centers of trade. These cities rose due to their prevalency along trade areas.

Example of Falling City

Baghdad was once a thriving metropolis and cultural center of the Islamic Golden Age, but faced decline due to political instability and invasions. The Mongols sacked it.

How Mongols Facilitated Further Interconnection Across Afro-Eurasia

The Mongol empire provided safety and continuity along trade routes. They made great commerce, created communication and cooperation, and would share ambassadors with other countries such as China. The transfer of people encouraged the transfer of science, culture, and technology.