Quiz 5 HBIO420L

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60 Terms

1
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PPE is

lab coat, gloves, safety glasses, when handling samples

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What is the correct order for cleaning refractometer

Kimwipe → Alcohol Swab → Water RInse

Alcohol Swab → Kimwipe → Alcohol Swab

Kimwipe → Alcohol Swab → Kimwipe

Kimwipe → Alcohol Swab → Kimwipe

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Disposal → all urine emptied…

anything that touches urine goes into…

Toilet

Biohazard

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What are the three ingredients of Chloride Clearance?

Potassium Chromate (light yellow indicator)

Urine Sample

Silver nitrate, colorless known substance

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AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NANO3 (initial reaction, label)

silver nitrate, urine sample, white precipitate, sodium nitrate

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Continued Addition of Silver Nitrate (Label the reaction)

K2CrO4, 2AgNO3 → Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3

Chromate Indicator, Silver Nitrate, Silver Chromate, Potassium nitrate

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Glomerulus flow rate (GFR)

volume of fluid tilers into Bowman’s capsule per unit of time

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Kidney function

maintain normal cellular and physiological function

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What is the major chemical excreted via kidney?

Urea

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Buildup of urea and ammonia can lead to

organ failure, death

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Kidneys constantly work to remove unwanted/excess materials from

blood plasma

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cortex

outer layer

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medulla

innermost part

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nephron

functional unit of kidney

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Bowman’s Capsule

Surrounds glomerulus

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Glomerulus

Where blood is filtered, urine begins to form

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Peritubular Capillaries

Reabsorb and return vital substances back into circulation

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Regulation of ________ and sequentially ______

body fluid volumes, blood pressure

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Excess Na+ ingested from food can be removed by

increase inBP

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Water and thirst

Hormonal communication between kidneys & CNS

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water content low = more water retained.. →

high [urea] in urine

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Hypothalamus does what

monitors blood osmolarity

23
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Renal Calculi also known as…

kidney stones

24
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LT Hypertension leads →

renal failure

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Hypertension

Elevated BP

Adds pressure → Arterioles, glomerular capillary, tubular cells

Causes cell damage, scarring

Filtration compromised

Leaking of protein and cellular detritus

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Renal Failure S&S

decreased urine volume, increased thirst, headaches

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Diabetic Nephropathy symptoms

Urination, increased thirst

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Glucosuria

Excess _____ in the urine

_________ form kidneys to filter excess glucose

Glucose transport pumps gets…

Proximal tubules can/can’t reabsorb

glucose

increases demand

backed up

can’t

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Glucosuria

Glucose + _______ stay in tubule to be excreted

Leads to →

water

proteinuria, hematuria

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Diabetes (TI, TII)

Inability to regulate blood glucose

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Congestive Heart Failure

decreases BP → decreases perfusion → impairs

kidney BF, impaired kidney function

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how does CNS maintain BP in congestive heart failure

vasoconstriction, causes reduction to BF → kidneys

decreases urine output, increasing fluid retention (edema)

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Edema is detrimental to only cell tissue.

all bodily

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How to treat edema

diuretic therapies

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symptoms of congestive heart failure

low BP, high HR, low urine output/frequency

edema, fatigue, shortness of breath

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trauma induced acute Renal failure

blood loss (via trauma)

-BP decrease → decrease perfusion →

impaired kidney function bc of less blood flow

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trauma-induced acute renal failure

tubule cells…

die and slough into urine

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trauma induced acute renal failure

-filtration compromise

proteinuria, hematuria, salts in urine

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symptoms of Trauma-induced Acute Renal Failure

increased urine volume, back bruising, potential chronic renal failure, impaired function

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Renal Calculi (kidney stones)

-formed in _______ of the neprhon

can be a result of low pH (acidic)

late portions

high (basic)

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kidney stones can be a result of…

impaired ability to produce protein preventing kidney stone formation

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low back/ab pain, urination, visible blood in urine, burnin sensation during urination, gritty urine

kidney stones S&S

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kidneys, bladder, and urinary tract are vulnerable to… (kidney infection)

external environment

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pathogen can be transported through

urethra

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urethra → bladder → ureter →

kidney

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kidney infection can be derived from a

blood-borne pathogen as well

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burning sensation during urination, fever, flu symptoms

kidney infection

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severe dehydration

humans cannot ______ for long periods of time

low water volume =

reabsorb/conserve water

poor filtration, urea/ammonia buildup

can be deadly

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excessive thirst, dry mouth, headaches, infrequent urination, highly concentrated urine, low BP, high HR

severe dehydration S&S

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genetic kidney disorder manifested before age 20

polycystic kidney disease

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large fluid-filled cysts throughout

the kidneys (polycystic kidney disease)

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causes obstruction of kidney structures

urine bleeding, complete renal failure

polycystic kidney disease

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polycystic kidney disease S&S

abdominal heaviness, LBP

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