workout questions

A large infestation of bots can cause paralysis of what part of the alimentary canal

Esophagus

Where would you find smooth muscle

Reproductive system, respiratory system, digestive system

Which nutrient is fed in abundance results in the production of additional urea that must be excreted

Protein

What is the average time it takes food to pass through the horse’s digestive tract

2-3 days (36 to 72 hours)

Wha is the term defined as exercise of low intensity at a heart rate below 150 bpm during which glucose and fatty acids are the primary fuels

Walking, trotting and slow cantering. Aerobic

What is the condition where the hoof wall separates only at the toe

Seedy toe

What is the name for the structure in the abdomen that is multilayered, horned and is supported by the broad ligaments

Uterus

What is the term for cannon bones that are not centered in the knee. Or are offset when viewed from the front

Bench kneed

What material should be used as a primary layer when bandaging a wound

Non-stick sterile pad

Name 2 horse show classes that use a pattern.

Examples are Showmanship, reining, western horsemanship

Name 2 hormones of the posterior pituitary.

Oxytocin and Vasopressin (ADH) anti-diuretic hormone

Name 2 functions of the epididymis.

Storage of sperm, maturation of sperm

What does the term re-set or re-shod mean

The farrier uses the same set of shoes a second time

What can negate an Equine Liability Law

Negligence on either part

The first phalanx is just below what long bone

Cannon bone

Why do horses that tie-up sometimes have dark colored or coffee colored urine

Myoglobin is released from damaged muscles and excreted in the urine

When the horses’ lower arcade is oriented more forward than the upper arcade the horse is referred to as what

monkey mouthed

From where is estrogen secreted in the mare

Ovaries

What is the common term for horses that are over at the knee when viewed from the side

Buck kneed

What piece of tack is commonly used in foxhunting and cross country to hold the saddle in place

Breastplate

Strongyle (bloodworms) eggs are shed in feces and develop into larvae on the pasture. What environments factor would cause the larvae to die off

High (above 100) or low temperatures (below 40)

Spasmodic muscle contractions caused by cold weather are referred to as what

shivering

What kind of insurance pays you if your horse is injured and is unable to fulfill its intended use

Loss of use insurance

What type of procedure seals the vulva to prevent air or debris from being sucked into the reproductive tract of the mare

Caslick’s procedure

Wha tis the term for a horse that is weak in its coupling and shallow in the flank

Wasp waisted or hound gutted

What is the minimum height for a perimeter fence for horses

5 feet

What hormone is overproduced in horses with Equine ‘Cushing’s disease

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) Secreted from the adrenal glands

When do the permanent second incisors erupt

3 ½ years

The average horse at maintenance requires what percentage of its body weight in feed per day

2 %

Most foals are born within how many minutes once the mare is in hard labor

30 minutes

What is the scientific name for the panniculus muscle and what purpose does it serve

It shakes off flied and the scientific name is cutaneous trunci

Name 2 predisposing factors in a growing horse to any developmental orthopedic disease.

Rapid growth, nutritional imbalance, genetic predisposition

What is the life cycle of the fly and what is the common name for the larval form

Egg, larva, pupa and adult (maggots)

During the birth of the foal with a normal presentation what should you see coming out of the mare first

The front feet with the soles pointing toward the mares’ hocks

What is the vector for Lyme disease

Deer tick (eastern blacklegged tick AKA Ixodes scapularis), western blacklegged tick (Ixodes Pacificus)

What is the first task to accomplish when deciding to start a horse business

Develop a business plan

What is the average stride length for the horse’s canter

12 feet

At what age do the 1st premolars erupt

5-6 months (wolf teeth)

Name a feed that is a good source of fermentable fiber.

Beet pulp, legume hay, good quality grass hay

Describe the mucous membranes of a healthy horse.

Pink, most with quick CRT

What is the normal gestation period for the horse

340 days, 11 months

What is the average temperature of properly composted manure

About 140 degrees

What is the approximate heart rate of a galloping horse

200-230 bpm

A male foal shows a genetic trait that is known to be on the X chromosome. Which parted did the foal inherit the trait from

The Dam

What is nephritis

Inflammation of the kidney

What type of muscle fibers are considered slow contracting or slow-twitch

Type I

Name the 3 sets of salivary glands and which is the largest

Sublingual, submaxillary and Parotid. The parotid is the largest

Where is the primary site of fat digestion

The small intestine

Why would lime be added to a horse pasture

To reduce soil acidity (to increase the ph) make it more alkalotic or neutralize it

What kind of insurance protects you if someone is injured by your horse

Liability insurance

What is HYPP and elevated levels of what electrolyte are present

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis and the levels of K+ (potassium) are elevated due to faulty sodium channels in muscles which leads to elevated levels of potassium

How much time do horses typically spend grazing if housed on pasture full time

16 hours

Which discipline does the training techniques breezing refer to and what is a breeze

Horse racing, a breeze is an exercise workout where the animal is worked at a run but is controlled as to not work at its maximum full speed.

The gaskin is located between which two joints of the horses rear leg

Stifle and hock

What is the most important step in parasite control

Management of manure

Monocular vision allows the horse to do what

see areas to each side of the body

During exercise which electrolytes are primarily lost in sweat

Sodium and potassium

How many pair of chromosomes does the donkey have

31 pair

What is the difference in the infundibulum and the fimbriae

The infundibulum is the “catchers’ mitt” at the end of the fallopian tube and the fimbriae are the finger like projections extending outward

Name 3 endocrine glands in the horse.

Ex: pancreas, testes, ovary, thyroid, pituitary, parathyroid, adrenal

How many teeth does a male horse have

40 (12 incisors, 4 canines, 12 premolars and 12 molars) if they have their wolf teeth, they have 42

What disease is characterized by an excessive breathing noise usually heard during exercise caused by an upper airway obstruction

Roaring or laryngeal hemiplegia

What type of drug increases the excretion of urine after given

A diuretic such as Lasix

What type of hay or grain when fed to horses has the highest carbohydrate content

Cereal grains

What type of stimulus is learned through practice

Conditioned

President US Grant was the first to establish a purebred breeding program in the US for which breed

Arabian

Horses that are insulin resistant have chronically high levels of what in their blood

Glucose

What feed should be limited in horses with reduced renal function

Less alfalfa hay due to high protein content and less calcium

Insulin resistance is associated with which disease of the horses’ foot

Laminitis

What is the normal breathing rate of the horse

8-16 breaths per minute

After exercise a warm down period is suggested to remove what metabolic by-product from the muscle

Lactic acid

Compression of the large venous plexuses within the hoof causes what to occur

The pumping of blood back up the leg

Mares are considered seasonally polyestrous, what causes them to start cycling in the correct season

Amount of daylight

What is the ideal slope of the horses’ shoulder and with what joint does it correspond

45-50 degrees and the pastern joint

Name 3 overo coat patterns

. Splashed white Frame and sabino

Name 2 situations that will eliminate a horse and rider from a hunter over fences class

. Fall, 3 refusals, bolting off course

What is outcrossing

Mating animals of the same breed but show no relation for at least 4 generations

A horse trailer should be a minimum of how many inches higher than the horses head

10 inches

What type of muscle is striated and voluntarily stimulated

Skeletal muscle

What is the general term for the last 10 pair of ribs that are not connected to the sternum

Floating ribs

What is the minimum width for a stall door

4 feet

What is the amount of air that is inspired or expired during one breath

Tidal volume

Describe minute volume

. The amount of air inspired or expired in one minute

What parasite goes through the body of the horse by being ingested, hatching in the intestinal tract, burrows into the wall of the intestine where they invade veins, and travels through organs to the lungs. They are then coughed up and re-swallowed and lay their eggs back in the gut

Roundworms

What are the 3 strains of Rhinopneumonitis and describe the difference

EHV-1, EHV-3 and EHV-4. EHV-1 is the most severe. It caused respiratory, neurological and reproductive issues (Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy, abortion and abortion storm on breeding farms) , EHV-3 is sexually transmitted caused coital exanthema (lesions), EHV-4 is respiratory in nature.

What are the two most important sources of energy for exercise

Fats and carbohydrates

In reference to directional terms what is the opposite of rostral

Caudal

Name 3 hinge joint in the horse.

Knee, elbow, hock,

Which part of the endocrine system primarily controls metabolic function

Thyroid

Name one role of LH in in both the stallion and the mare.

LH stimulated ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum in the mare and stimulates production of testosterone in the stallion

Although LH stimulates the production of testosterone in the stallion which cells produce testosterone and where are these cells found in the stallion

Testosterone is produced by the Leydig cells located in the testes

What bacterial disorder involves production of toxins that result in paralysis, rigidity of muscle and often death

Tetanus

The horse has a pupil that is more horizontal in orientation that in many other animals. What does the horizontal pupil allow for

Greater vision over a wide horizon

Who was the earliest horse and where did he dwell (what type of environment).

Eohippus or Dawn horse and he was a forest browser

What is the term for the chemical substance produced by fungi or mold that inhibits or destroys bacteria or other micro-organisms and is used primarily in the treatment of infectious disease

Antibiotic

This condition of newborn foals is caused when the antibodies transmitted via colostrum to the foal destroy red blood cells in the foal

Neonatal isoerythrolosis

In a cutting competition the rider must demonstrate the ability to “cut” the cattle and prevent them from returning to the herd. What is the time limit in the contest

2 minutes 30 seconds

In pasture management guidelines the horse should be rotated to another pasture when the grass in a minimum of what height

3 inches

The ingestion of mycotoxins causing Leukoencephalomalacia in horses is known by what common name and ingestion of what feedstuff is the cause

Moldy corns disease and caused by ingestion of moldy corn

What is the cell membrane of a muscle cell called

Sarcolemma