PSY 101 exam2

After completing the slow-wave sleep portion of the sleep cycle, what happens next?

The sleeper returns to lighter stages of sleep (Stage 2), then enters REM sleep. {repeats}

Around 18 months, toddlers realize that everything has a name. How does this affect language development?

Causes the "naming explosion" or "vocabulary spurt."

Which Developmental stage does Erickson associate with the last years of life? What did he title it?

Late Adulthood (65+): Integrity vs. Despair

Consciousness is best defined as:

Your awareness of yourself and your environment.

Currently, what percentage of couples lives together before marriage?

Over 75% (or the vast majority) of couples.

In modern Western society, what strategy is commonly used for dealing with the inevitability of death?

Denial or avoidance of the topic, often promoting youth.

In one study, 2250 adults were contacted randomly during waking hours. About half of the time, they reported that

Their minds were wandering (mind-wandering).

In sufficient dosages, narcotic drugs can produce an overwhelming sense of:

Euphoria

How would you know if someone was a supertaster?

They show extreme sensitivity, particularly to bitter tastes (e.g., to the chemical PROP).

How many sleep cycles does a person repeat throughout the night?

4 to 6

When does somnambulism usually occur? Which stage of sleep?

Stage 3 NREM sleep (slow-wave sleep).

Using which drug does your tolerance level develop the most rapidly?

Opioids (Narcotics)

What should a mother do during pregnancy to make sure her child does not develop severe mental illnesses later in life?

Maintain good prenatal health (e.g., avoid alcohol/drugs, ensure proper nutrition, manage severe stress).

To study effectively, should you stay up late, sleep more or cram right before your class?

Sleep more (ensuring memory consolidation).

Most people with color blindness are considered (mono-, non-, tri-, or dichromats)

Dichromats or Anomalous Trichromats.

One important discovery about the sense of touch was the identification of endorphins, which play a central role in

Pain relief or pain modulation (the body's natural system for suppressing pain).

The definition of Perception (how it can be thought of):

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information (the filter through which we interpret the world).

Sensation is defined as the:

The process by which our sensory receptors receive and represent stimulus energies from the environment.

What does dementia refer to?

A severe, progressive loss of cognitive function (memory, thinking, etc.) that interferes with daily life.

What are moral intuitions?

Quick, automatic, and emotionally-laden judgments about right and wrong (gut reactions).

What is intentional blindness?

The failure to see visible objects or events because one's attention is focused elsewhere.

What percentage of people ages 65-69 show signs of dementia?

Around 2%.

When separate, still pictures are projected rapidly one after the other, what do people perceive? (Think: a movie)

Continuous motion (the phi phenomenon).

Is pain perception maladaptive, subjective, inevitable or uninformative?

Subjective

How does development occur in the first few years? (consistent, gains and losses, or bursts of growth?)

Bursts of growth (non-linear).

Which physical characteristic of sound waves determines perceived loudness?

Amplitude

Why are most people unaware they have a blind spot in each eye?

The brain fills in the missing visual information based on surrounding context and the other eye's input.

[Erikson Stage] Trust vs. Mistrust Question:

1st: is my world predictable and supportive

[Erikson Stage] Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

2nd-3rd: Can I do things myself or must i always rely on others?

[Erikson Stage] Initiative vs. Guilt

4th-6th, Am I good or am i bad?

[Erikson Stage] Industry vs. Inferiority:

6-puberty, Am I competent or am I worthless?

[Erikson Stage] Identity vs. Confusion:

Adolescence, Who am I and where am I going?

[Erikson Stage] Intimacy vs. Isolation:

Early adulthood, Shall I share my life with another or live alone?

[Erikson Stage] Generativity vs self absorption:

mid adult, will i produce something of real value?

[Erikson Stage] Integrity vs. Despair:

late adult, Have I lived a full life