Chap 2

Protestant Reformation

1517 movement challenging Catholic Church authority.

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who was banished from Massachusetts for advocating religious freedom and fair treatment of Native Americans; founded Rhode Island.

Consumer Revolution

1700s period of increased availability of goods.

Pueblo Revolt

1680 rebellion against Spanish rule in New Mexico.

Popé

Leader of the Pueblo Revolt against Spanish colonizers.

Martin Luther

Initiator of the Protestant Reformation.

Parliamentarians

Opponents of King Charles I, mainly Puritans.

Chesapeake Bay Colonies

Virginia and Maryland, known for tobacco plantations.

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, focused on religious freedom.

Headright System

Policy granting land for bringing settlers to colonies.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 revolt in Virginia against Governor Berkeley over policies favoring wealthy landowners.

Chattel Slavery

System treating enslaved Africans as property.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan woman banished from Massachusetts for challenging religious leaders.

King Philip's War

1675-1676 conflict between settlers and Native tribes.

Metacom (King Philip)

Leader of Native American tribes in King Philip's War.

Reciprocity Systems

Economic exchanges between Native tribes and settlers.

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia, initially banned slavery.

Middle Passage

Horrific journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas.

Royal African Company

British company controlling transatlantic slave trade.

Negro Act of 1740

Law restricting rights of enslaved people post-Stono.

Great Awakening

A religious revival led by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield.

English Civil War

1640s conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians.

Royalists

Supporters of King Charles I during the English Civil War.

Indenture

System where Europeans worked for passage to the New World for a set number of years.

Mayflower Compact

1620 self-governing agreement by Pilgrims in Plymouth.

Stono Rebellion

The largest slave uprising in the British colonies.

Enlightenment

Eighteenth-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason and science.

George Whitefield

Christian preacher whose tours sparked the First Great Awakening.