APUSH Chapter 4 Quiz 2

What did entrepreneurs play a key role in the early 19th century

transforming the American economy by helping to create a market revolution

How did entreprenuers drive the market revolution

by organizing productivity and creating new systems for manufacturing and trade

What created new opportunities for businesses to grow and for goods to be produced and traded on a larger scale

The shift from local, subsistence-based economy to a product-driven economy

What did the rise of new market relationships foster

a more interconnected economy, where producers and consumers increasingly relied on each other through organized commerce

What did the rise of Textile Mills in New England, where entrepreneurs like Francis Lowell create

an organized system of production that revolutionized the textile industry and connected local producers with national and international markets

What was he market revolution fuel by

a series of technological innovations that dramatically increased the efficiency of production methods

How did the new innovations transform manufacturing and agriculture 

it made goods cheaper and faster to produce

What are 3 examples of innovations that revolutionized manufacturing, enabling mass production and reduce labor cost

textile machinery, steam engines, and interchangeable parts

What inventions increased productivity in farmers, which allowed them to produce more good for both national and international markets

agricultural inventions like the mechanical reaper and the steel plow

What did the telegraph transform

communication, allowing producers, consumers, and business to communicate across long distances quickly, facilitating trade and market expansion

What did Eli Whitney’s popularization of interchangeable parts allow for

the standardization production of goods and laid the groundwork for the mass production methods that would dominated American manufacturing

what was essential to the success of the Market revolution

the development of transportation networks

What did the legislation and judicial systems support the construction of

roads, canals, and railroads, which expanded and connected markets across regions, fostering Independence between different parts of the country

Why were roads, canals, and railroads built

to extend markets and connect markets with consumers more efficient, allowing for faster and cheaper transportation of goods

What happened when these infastrucred link the North and Midwest more closely and the South

economic interdependence with N and MidW, The S remained more isolated due to its reliance on agriculture and less developed transportation networks

What did the creation of transportation networks help, and also deepened

it helped to unify the national economy, but also deepened regional differences, between N and S

What did the construction of Erie Canal that connected the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean significant reduce

transportation costs and liked agricultural MidW with the Industrial N, fostering economic interdependence between the two regions

What did the dramatic increase in Southern Cotton play a crucial role

in the development of the U.S. economy, linking Southern agriculture with Northern manufacturing and banking industries

What did interdependence help foster

national and international commerical ties

What did the Cotton Gin lead to

increased cotton production, leading to the rise of “King Cotton“ as the dominant export commodity

Who became heavily dependent on Southern cotton for raw materials and trade

Northern industries, particularly in manufacting, banking, and shipping

What did the growth of the cotton trade help

link the U.S to global market ,as Southern cotton was exported to Europe,in Britan, while Northern merchants international trade

What did the 19th century see in within the US and abroad

significant population movements

What did Americans do while many international migrants settlement in industrialized Northern cities

moved West of the Appalachians, creating thriving new communities along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers

Who did industrialization in the North attract

international migrants, particularly from Ireland and Germany, who sought economic opportunities in rapidly growing cities like New York and Philly

What did many Americans moving Westword contribute to

The westward expansion of the US, establishing new settlements in a communities along key waterways like the Ohio and Mississippi rivers

what did the population movements westward contribute to

The growth of both industrial centers in the North and agricultural communities in the West, shaping the nations economic and demographic landscape

what did the city of Cincinnati, located along the Ohio river become

A major hub for trade and industry, illustrating the growth of new communities west of the Appalachians

what did manufacturing drove as it grew during the market revolution

Significant increase increases and prosperity for some, while leading into stark divisions in wealth and class

what did the market revolution see the rise of

A larger middle class, a small but wealthy business elite, and a growing population of labor and poor

what did industrialization lead to

Economic growth and improve standards of living for many, particularly that involved in manufacturing and trade

what did industrialization also create a large population of

Laboring poor, often living in crowded and unsanitary conditions in rapidly grown cities, working long hours for low wages and factories

what happened to Americans as industrialization expanded

particularly the men and women working in factories, moved away from substance agriculture

what did Americans start relying on instead of home-based production

they started supporting themselves by producing goods for distant markets

what was a major change in the American economy

More individuals and families moved away from agrarian lifestyles towards wage labor

Who were the Lowell Mill girls

some of the first American winner to enter the industrial workforce, symbolize the shift from substance farming into wage labor in factories

what did the market revolution bring profound changes to

Gender roles and family structures

as industrialization advanced what did new definitions of emerge

Domestic ideals, emphasize in the separation of public and private spheres for men and women

what ideal emphasize the role of women as caretakers of the home and children, while men worked in the public sphere

The cult of domesticity

how did some women begin to challenge the new general roles often that often limited women’s participation in the public sphere

By working in factories or becoming involved in social reform movement

who’s writing did the cult of domesticity reflect

Catherine Beecher, who promoted the idea of women as central to maintaining the nations moral integrity

What did the Us undergo in the 19th century

significant transformation in its democratic system

What helped pave the way for a more participatory democracy

the expansion of suffrage, moving from property-based voting rights to universal white male suffrage

What state eliminated its property qualifications for white male voters in 1821, reflecting the broader national trend towards expanding the franchise

The state of New York

What happened as the electorate expanded

the rise of mass political participation, spurred on by the growth of political parties

What did political parties do that actively encouraged voter participation and promote party loyalty

organizing rallys, campaigns, and conventions

What reflected the growing involvement of ordinary citizens in politics

elections becoming more competitive and voter turnout increased significantly

What was the election of 1820

Andrew Jacksons campaign appealed to the “common man” and capitalized on the broader electorate

What altered the nature of American democracy, giving more citizens a voice in government and changing political landscape

the expansion of suffrage

What happened as more white men gained the right to vote

the government gad to be more responsive to the demand of the electorate

What did the expansion of suffrage contribute to the rise of

populist candidates like Andrew Jackson, who campaign as a champion of the “common man” and advocated for policies that appealed to a broader base of voters

What did the removal of property qualifications for voting help

to democratize political power, women, African Americans, and Native Americans remained disenfranchised

What did Andrew Jacksons presidency prioritized

the concerns of ordinary white citizens over the elite

What did expansion of suffrage do beside more inclusivity for white men

deepended sectional and political devisions

What did poltical parties align with

regional interests, growing divide between North, South, and West

Who did the Democratic party, rooted in the South and West represent

the interests of farmers, small landowners, and the working class, while advocating for states’ rights and limited federal government

What did the Whig party, drawing support for North industrialists and merchants, promote

protective tariffs, internal improvements, and a stringer federal government

What did the political divisions lay the groundwork for

future conflicts, over tariffs, states’ rights, and slavery,

What did the tariffs of 1828( Tariffs of Abominations) and the subsequent Nullification Crisis highlight

the growing tension between states’ rights advocates in the South and the federal government

What did the Democratic party, led by Andrew Jackson advocate for

limited federal government, states’ rights, and opposition to centralized power

What did the Whig party, led by Henry Clay support

a strong federal government and policies like protective tariffs, a national bank, and federally funded internal improvements to promote economic growth

What did the rise of the two parties reflect broader debates over

the role and powers of the federal government, with each party representing different regional and economic interests

Who opposed the 2nd Bank, viewing it as a tool of wealthy elites and a threat to state sovernity

Democrats

What was the Maysville Road Veto

Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill that would have provided federal funding for a road in Kentucky, arguing that internal improvements should be funded by individual states’

What happened as the US expanded west

froniter settlers became strong advocates for further territorial expansion

What did frontier settlers view westward migration as

a way to gin access to cheap land and economic opportunities, such as farming and trade

What is Manifest Destiny, an expansion mindset of frontier settlers contributed to U.S policies

held that Americans had a divine right to expand across the contient

What led to a series of conflict and wars as frontier settlers pushed westward

Native American resistance to U.S. expansion

What did the government do to clear the way for white settlement

turned to forced relocation polices

What did Native American resistance to US expansion into their land cause

ars and conflicts, such as the Black Hawk War and the Seminole Wars in Florida

What was the Indian Removal Act of 1830

the forced relocation of Native Americans to territories West of the Mississippi River

What did the Trail of Tear result in

tremendous hardship and loss of life as Native tribes were displaced from their home

How many Cherokee Indians were forcibly relocated from their homes

16000