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political culture
the dominant set of beliefs, customs, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and government
individualism
the belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make
laissez-faire (free enterprise)
an economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in economic transactions among citizens and businesses
rule of law
the principle that no one, including public officials, is above the law
political socialization
the experiences and factors that shape an individual’s political values, attitudes, and behaviors
political ideology
an individual’s coherent set of beliefs about government and politics
generational effect
the impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views
life-cycle effect
the impact of a person’s age and stage on life in their political views
globalization
the increasing interconnectedness of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world
outsourcing
when a company moves its business to place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient because workers work longer hours
public opinion
the sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues
focus group
a small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues
scientific poll
a representative poll of randomly selected respondents with statistically significant sample size, using neutral language
sample
a subgroup of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion
representative sample
a sample that reflects the demographics of the population
weighting
a procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population
sampling error
the margin of error in a poll, which is usually calculated to around plus or minus three percentage points
mass survey
a survey designed to measure the opinions of the population, usually consisting of 1,500 responses
entrance survey
a poll conducted of people coming to an event
exit poll
a survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just voted for and why
benchmark poll
a survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to votes
tracking poll
a survey determining the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign
random digit dialing
the use of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select potential survey respondents
question order
the sequencing of questions in public opinion polls
question wording
the phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll
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