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Airworthiness Certificate

Never Expires as long as the aircraft remains airworthy, must be displayed inside the aircraft

Federal and State Registration

Federal Registration expires 7 years after it is issued and must be displayed inside the aircraft, State Registration expires after 1 year.

Radio Station License

Required for international flight

Operating Limitations/POH

Aircraft specific version must be within the aircraft

Weight and Balance

Aircraft specific version must be within the aircraft

Supplemental Manuals

Must be located inside the aircraft (Archer has a G1000 Manual and an Aspen Standby Manual)

What aircraft documents must you have?

- M- MEL

- A- Air worthiness Cert.

- R- Registration

- R- Radio operating license

- O- Operating handbook (POH)

- W- Weight and balance

- G- G1000 Manuel/other supp.

Who is responsible for keeping the aircraft in an airworthy condition?

The owner/operator

When do you use special flight permit?

When you have to fly your aircraft to fix and the place is at another airport

How can you get it a special flight permit

Apply to local FSDO

On preflight you find that the landing light is inoperative, what do you do

If it is a day, without MEL, go through 91.213 (d) and if they don't require the landing light, then placard it or remove it

1. Does the Aircraft have a MEL?- No

2. Type certificate data sheet

3. Kinds of operation equipment list

4. 91.205

5. Required AD's

6. Remove, Deactivate, placard

7. Make pilot decision

If it is a night, for private purpose, then it should be okay but if it is for hire, yes we need a landing light

Radio License, When do you need it?

Flying international

Can your POH count as official weight and balance?

No

Aircraft Minimum VFR Day Equipment

- A-Altimeter

- T-Tachometer

- O-Oil Pressure

- M-Manifold Pressure

- A-Airspeed Indicator

- T-Temperature Gauge

- O-Oil Temperature

- F-Fuel Indicator

- L-Landing Gear Position Indicator

- A-Anti Collision Lights

- M-Magnetic Direction Indicator

- E-ELT

- S-Seatbelts

Aircraft Minimum VFR Night Equipment

- F-Fuses

- L-Landing Light

- A-Anti Collision Lights

- P-Position Lights

- S-Source of Electricity

What are the required inspections of an Aircraft?

- A-Annual Inspection

- V-VOR Check (30 Days IFR)

- 1-100 Hour Inspection (For Hire)

- A-Pitot Static System (24 Calendar Months)

- T-Transponder (24 Calendar Months)

- E-ELT (12 Calendar Months, Replace Battery after half useful life or one hour of use)

What is an AD and an SB?

- Airworthiness Directive (Mandatory Fix issued by the FAA)

- Service Bulletin (Optional Fix issued by the Manufacturer)

What kind of Inspection program does UND have?

UND has a progressive inspection program, which has 4 phases, each conducted after 60 hours. Due to this UND does not require 100 hour inspections nor Annual Inspections.

What do you do if equipment is found inoperative with out and MEL?

Remove or Deactivate the Equipment, placard it as Inoperative and make a record in the aircrafts Maintenance.

Can a 100 Hour inspection take the place of an annual?

No, an annual requires a higher level mechanic conduct the inspection

What is a special flight permit?

Allows the aircraft the make a specific flight with some required equipment inoperative

When is a flight review required?

Flight reviews are conducted every 24 calendar months and include 1 hour ground, 1 hour flight

What is in a flight review?

include 1 hour ground, 1 hour flight

What do you need to be night current with passengers?

- 3 Takeoffs and Landings to a full stop

- Preceding 90 days in the

- Same category and class

- Between 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise.

What are the requirements to carry passengers during daytime?

3 landings within 90 days

When must we have nav lights on?

After sunset to sunrise

When do we use strobes at night?

- When on a runway for takeoff or landing

- When crossing an active runway

- For the entire duration of flight to enhance visibility to other aircraft

If you are night current, are you day current?

Yes

If you do night currency in the archer, are you current for Seminole?

No

When can we log nighttime?

Between Civil Evening Twilight and Civil Morning Twilight

When can we log night landings?

1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise

Are you required to carry your logbook with you as a commercial pilot?

No

What is a Convective Sigmet?

A Convective Sigmet is issued when there is an area of thunderstorms that are hazardous to all aircraft.

When are Convective Sigmets issued and how long are they valid for?

Convective Sigmets are issued hourly at 55 minutes past the hour and are good for up to 2 hours

What is a Sigmet?

A Sigmet is an alert to all aircraft that Severe or Extreme Turbulence, Severe Icing or hazardous visibility limitations exist.

When are Sigmets issued and how long are they valid for?

Sigmets are issued as needed and last for 6 hours with hurricanes and 4 hours with other events.

What is an Airmet?

An alert to all aircraft that potentially hazardous weather conditions exist that do not reach the level of a Sigmet.

What are the three types of Airmets?

- Sierra - IFR or Mountain Obscurations Exist

- Tango - Moderate Turbulence Exist

- Zulu - Moderate Icing Exist

When are Airmets Issued and how long are they valid for?

Routinely issued for 6 hour periods and updated as needed for changing conditions

How often are TAF's issued and how long are they valid for?

TAF's are issued every 6 hours (4 times per day) and are valid for 24 hours at most locations, 30 hours at others.

How often are METARs issued?

- Every hour just before the start of the new hour.

Is a METAR an observation or forecast?

Observation

What is a SPECI?

An urgent update to a METAR reflecting a meaningful change

What is a TAF? (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast)

5NM radius and forecast

How often are TAF's issued?

Every 6 hours

How long are routine TAFs valid?

6 hours

What does TEMPO mean?

- Temporary fluctuations

- Generally less than 1 hour at a time

- Expected to occur during less than ½ time period

- Probability of occurrence 50% or greater

How often are winds aloft issued?

Every 6 hours (4 Times per day)

Winds within 1,500' AGL and temps within 2,500' AGL are not shown

Light and variable winds

9900

Are winds aloft a forecast or a report?

Winds aloft are a report of current conditions

What is a Convective SIGMET?

Severe thunderstorm

- Occurring for more than 30 minutes

- Winds 50 knots or greater

- Hail more than ¾ inch

- Tornadoes

What is a PIREP?

Reports that are made by pilots

UA vs. UUA

-UA - not urgent

- UUA - urgent

You are required to report when

- Moderate turbulence or greater

-Wind shear

-Volcanic ash

How would we determine if windshear was present at an airport?

ground-based wind sensors and radar systems

What weather products can you use to help determine freezing levels?

-SIGMETs

-PIREPs

-Freezing level chart

-Forecast icing chart

What is the minimum amount of information a pilot must get before going on a flight?

- N- Notams

- W- Weather briefing

- K- Know ATC delays

- R- Runway lengths

- A- Alternates available

- F- Fuel requirements

- T- Takeoff and landing Distances

VFR Weather Min Class A

IFR

VFR Weather Min Class B

3sm, Clear of clouds

VFR Weather Min Class C

3sm, 1-5-2

VFR Weather Min Class D

3sm, 1-5-2

VFR Weather Min Class E below 10,000ft

3sm, 1-5-2

VFR Weather Min Class E Above 10,000ft

5sm, 1-1-1

VFR Weather Min Class G Below 1200ft AGL Day

1sm, Clear of clouds

Weather Min Class G Below 1200ft AGL Night

3sm, 1-5-2

Weather Min Class G Above 1,200 Feet AGL and Below 10,000 Feet MSL Day

1sm, 1-5-2

Weather Min Class G Above 1,200 Feet AGL and Below 10,000 Feet MSL Night

3sm, 1-5-2

Weather Min Class G Above 10,000 Feet MSL

5sm, 1-1-1

What are the primary flight controls on the Piper Archer?

-Rudder (Yaw)

-Elevator (Pitch)

-Ailerons (Roll)

What type of Ailerons does the Piper Archer have?

Differential type ailerons

What is the purpose of Differential type ailerons?

Simple design with minimal drag. Frise type ailerons have the advantage of minimizing adverse yaw while in a roll.

What is the purpose of differential fries?

To counteract adverse yaw

What is a slot?

Pathway through the wing which allows air to flow from the lower surface to the upper surface at high angles of attack

1. Creates high coefficient of lift at high AOA

What about a slat?

A slat is controllable but same concept as the slot

What are the secondary flight controls on the Piper Archer?

-Flaps

-Elevator Trim

What is the function/purpose of flaps?

i. More coefficient of lift

ii. Lower rotation speed - short field takeoff

iii. Higher coefficient of lift at lower airspeed

1. Lower approach speed

2. Shorter landing roll iv. Higher drag at lower airspeed 1. Steeper descent angle

What are the four different types of flaps?

-Plain: Flaps lower like differential ailerons

- Split: Lower like ailerons, however the top wing surface stays in place

- Slotted: Makes space for air to pass between the wing and the flap to energize the boundary layer (Archer)

- Fowler: Allows air to energize the boundary layer and also increases the surface area of the wing

Which flaps does the Archer have?

Slotted/ Plain?

What is the purpose of a spoiler?

Spoilers increase drag while reducing lift by disrupting the flow of air over the wing

How does the anti-servo tab provide positive static stability?

The anti-servo tab deflects further than the elevator, adding resistance and in turn wanting to move the elevator back to a neutral position.

What kind of engine does the Piper Archer have?

- Lycoming IO-360

- Fuel Injected

- Horizontally Opposed

- Direct Drive

- 361 Cubic Inches of Displacement

- 180 Horsepower

Maximum RPM

2700

Why are there two spark plugs per cylinder?

Redundancy

Where do the spark plugs get their energy from?

Magnetos

How many magnetos do we have in the archer?

2

Why do we have two?

Redundancy

RPM drops 300 during the mag check. What is wrong? Can you fix?

-Fouled plugs, bad ignition wire, improper timing, or bad magneto

- You could conduct the faulty magneto check procedures to fix this problem if it doesn't fix, then cancel the flight

How can you prevent carbon deposits on the sparkplugs?

Do not over rich the engine

What is vapor lock?

Condition in which the liquid fuel in the fuel lines vaporizes due to excessive heat, creating vapor bubbles that block the fuel line and prevent liquid fuel from reaching the engine's carburetor or fuel injectors

What grade of fuel does the archer use? Color?

100LL (Blue) or 100 (green)

What is the purpose of fuel vent?

Pressure change and temperature change

What is the purpose of the fuel/air control unit (fuel servo)?

Sends information how much fuel needs to be sent and process it

What type of oil system does the Archer have?

Wet sump

What is purpose of engine lubrication (oil)

- Reduce friction

- Absorb heat

- Lubricate

- Clean

- Prevent corrosion

Where is the brake reservoir?

- Behind the left rudder pedals

- On the top left front face of the firewall

What type of strut does the main gear have? Nose wheel?

- Caliper & disc brake

- Air oil type

When you preflight landing gear, what do you look for?

- Hydraulic fluid leaking

- What color? - red

- Proper inflation - 3.25 +/- 0.5 inch

What kind of propeller does the Piper Archer have?

Sensenich 76 inch fixed pitch propeller made from aluminum

What is the four stroke cycle of a combustion engine?

-Intake

-Compression

-Power

-Exhaust

Advantages/Disadvantages of a fuel injected system over a carburetor system?

-Advantage: Better fuel distribution, Less Susceptible to Icing

- Disadvantages: More Expensive, Vapor Lock