1/26
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
osmoregulation
regulation of the water-salt balance to maintain a normal balance within internal fluids
excretion
elimination of metabolic wastes by an organism at exchange boundaries such as the plasma membrane of single-celled organisms and excretory tubules of multicellular animals
ammonia
nitrogenous end product that takes a limited amount of energy to produce but requires much water to excrete because it is toxic
urea
main nitrogenous waste of terrestrial amphibians and most mammals
uric acid
main nitrogenous waste of insects, reptiles, and birds
urine
liquid waste product made by the nephrons of the vertebrate kidney through the processes of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
kidneys
paired organs of the vertebrate urinary system that regulate the chemical composition of the blood and produce a waste product called urine
ureters
tubular structure conducting urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
urinary bladder
organ where urine is stored
urethra
tubular structure that receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body
nephrons
microscopic kidney unit that regulates blood composition by glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
glomerular capsule
cuplike structure that is the initial portion of a nephron
proximal convoluted tubule
portion of a nephron, following the glomerular capsule, where tubular reabsorption of filtrate occurs
loop of the nephron
portion of a nephron between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules; functions in water reabsorption; also called the loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule
final portion of a nephron that joins with a collecting duct; associated with tubular secretion
collecting duct
duct within the kidney that receives fluid from several nephrons; the reabsorption of water occurs here
glomerulus
capillary network within the glomerular capsule of a nephron
glomerular filtration
movement of small molecules from the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule due to the action of blood pressure
tubular reabsorption
movement of primarily nutrient molecules and water from the contents of the nephron into blood at the proximal convoluted tubule
tubular secretion
movement of certain molecules from blood into the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron, so that they are added to urine
erythropoietin (EPO)
hormone produced by the kidneys that speeds red blood cell formation
aquaporins
channel protein through which water can diffuse across a membrane
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that increases the permeability of the collecting ducts in a kidney
renin
enzyme released by the kidneys that leads to the secretion of aldosterone and a rise in blood pressure
angiotensin II
hormone produced from angiotensinogen (a plasma protein) by the kidneys and lungs; raises blood pressure
aldosterone
hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates the sodium and potassium ion balance of the blood
atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
hormone secreted by the heart that increases sodium excretion