RA week 2

geometric form of the skull

oval

male skull structures

• thicker

• have more prominent ridges and eminences

female skull structures

• lighter and smaller by 10%

• generally more round and smoother

infant skull

made of individual cranial bones that have not yet fused together

fontanelles

“soft spots” on infants

major sutures of the adult skull

• coronal

• lambdoidal

• squamosal

signs of old age

the reduction of the size of the upper and lower jaws - due to the loss of teeth and absorption of the alveolar process which hold them

occipital bone

the lowest part of the back of the base of the crano=ium, forming a cradle for the brain

parietal bones

the superior portion of the sides and back of the cranium as well as the posterior 2/3 of the roof of the cranium

temporal bone

the inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone

occipital bone features

• foramen magnum

• occipital protuberance

parietal bone features

parietal eminences

temporal features

• temporal cavity

• squama

• external auditory meatus

• zygomatic arch

• mandibular fossa

• mastoid process

external auditory meatus

ear passage; deep hole located on the inferior portion of thee medial 1/3 of the ear on the anterior border

zygomatic arch

the processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones ; determines the widest part of the face

mandibular fossa

small depression on the zygomatic arch of the temporal bone into which the condyle of the mandible articulates, just anterior to the external auditory meatus

mastoid process

rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear

frontal bone

the anterior third of the cranium, forming the forehead and the anterior portion of the roof of the skull

vertical surface of the frontal bone

forehead- this surface extends from the upper margin of the eye sockets to the level of the two frontal eminences; part of the face above the eyes

horizontal surface of the frontal bone

crown- this surface continues to ascend superiorly until it reaches the parietal bones

eminence

a prominence or projection

frontal eminences

rounded prominences on either side of the median line and a little inferior to the center of the frontal bone

supraorbital margins

superior rims of the eye sockets

superciliary arches

located on the inferior part of the forehead just superior to the median ends of the eyebrows

glabella

a single bony prominence of the frontal bone located bw the superciliary arches in the inferior part of the frontal bone at the root of the nose

sphenoid

an unpaired bone of the neurocranium

ethmoid

anterior cranial bone located bw the eyes

nasal bones

directly inferior to the glabella and forming a dome over the superior portion of the nasal cavity (the orifice in the bony face bounded by the margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla)

zygomatic bones

bones of the cheek ; often described as being diamond shaped and form the cheek bones

zygomatic arch depression

one of the lesser concavities of the face located on the lateral portion of the cheek inferior to the zygomatic arch

zygomaticofrontal process

the lateral rim of the eye socket formed by a process of the frontal bone and a process of the zygomatic bone

maxilla bone

A paired bone with several processes that forms the skeletal base of
most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity,
and floor of the orbit.

Nasal spine of the maxilla

small bony projection located on the
median line at the inferior margin of the nasal cavity.

Alveolar Processes

bony ridges
found on the inferior surface of
the maxilla and the superior
surface of the mandible which
contain sockets for the teeth.

Frontal Process of the Maxilla

the ascending part of the upper
jaw which gradually protrudes as
it rises beside the nasal bone to
meet the frontal bone

mandible

The horseshoe-shaped bone forming the inferior jaw

contains:

• body (1)

• ramus (2)

mental eminence

chin

incisive fossa

indention above the chin; right below the lips

angle of the mandible

The bony angle formed by the junction of the posterior edge of the
ramus of the mandible and the inferior surface of the body of the
mandible

• marks the widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face

widest part of the cranium

between the parietal eminences

widest art of the face

bw the zygomatic arches

widest part of the lower 1/3 of the face

bw the angles of the mandible