Inorganic Chemistry - 1

MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES

Chemistry

is the study of matter - its composition, structure, properties, transformation from one form to another, and the energy that accompanies its transformation.

Matter

Anything that has mass and volume

Mass

Refers to the amount of matter present in the material.

Mesophase

also called as plasma or liquid crystalline

Mesos

means middlelies between the liquid and crystalline states

Melting

When a solid is heated and changes into a liquid.

Freezing

Liquid to Solid

Vaporization

Liquid to gas

Condensation

Gas to Liquid

Deposition

Gas to Solid

Solid to Gas

Sublimation

Evaporation

The change of a liquid into vapour at any tamperature below its boiling point

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Matter is made up of extremely small and indestructible particles called atoms.

Law of definite proportion

two samples of a given compound are made up of the same elements in exactly the same mass proportions regardless of the size and sources of the sampe.

Law of multiple proportions

If two elements combine and form more than one compound, the mass of one element that combines with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers.

Law of conservation of mass

Matter can neither be createdf nor destroyed

Atoms

the building blocks whick make up substances, the smallest unit of an element.

Democritus

Atomos

Dalton

Billiard Ball Model

Thomson

Raising Bread Model

Rutherford

Gold Foil Expt

James Chadwick

Neutron

Bohr

Planetary Model

Schrodinger

Quantum Mechanic Model

Proton

Positive Charge

Neutron

No charge

Electron

Negative charge

Mass Number

Number of protons and neutrons in atom

Atomic Number

number of protons in an atom

Atomic symbol

Abbreviation used to represent atom in chemical formulas

Isotope

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Isotone

Same number of neutrons

Isobar

Same mass number

Principal Quantum Number

describes the main electron shell and the size of the e- cloud

Angular/Azimuthal Quantum number

describes the subshell and the shape of the e- cloud

Magnetic Quantum Number

describes the orbital or orientation in space

Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

No 2 e- can have the same set of quantum numbers

Afbau’s Principle

Electrons are placed first on the subshell with lowest energy level

Hund’s Rule

Electrons are spread singly before pairing up