Exercise 2: Distillation

simple distillation

involves the process of separating two or more liquids homogeneously mixed but with different boiling points (at least 20° difference)

e lowest boiling point

turns into vapor first and as progresses, the conc will steadily decrease

boiling chips

small, insoluble, porous stones made of calcium carbonate or silicon carbide

boiling chips

have pores inside which provide cavities both to trap air and to provide spaces where bubbles of solvent vapor can form

- even boiling

- prevent bumping

right below the side arm

the bulb of the thermometer should be placed on this part of the distillation flask to get an accurate measurement

condensation

this vapor would then be condensed back into liquid inside the condenser, which will then be collected as the distillate

change of state from a gas to a liquid

vaporization

as the solution starts to boil, the liquid with the lowest boiling point turns to vapors first

change of state from a liquid to a gas

diethyl ether

ethyl acetate

boiling point 35 C

boiling point 77 C

dichloromethane

ethanol

boiling point 40 C

boiling point 78 C

acetone

n-butanol

boiling point 56 C

boiling point 117 C