RAD 379U - CH 9 Terms

Liver

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)

a hepatocellular enzyme released in elevated amounts due to liver

dysfunction; also known as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

liver enzyme, not as specific as ALT for liver. Produced by liver, bone,

intestine and placenta

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

enzyme of the liver. Any disease that damages body cells causes an

increase

Bilirubin

orange-yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

Albumin

Bilirubin molecules are attached to the blood and are transported to the liver

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood

Bull’s eye (target) lesion

hypoechoic mass with an echogenic central core (abscess, metastases)

Caudate lobe

smallest lobe of the liver situated on the posterosuperior surface of the left lobe; the ligamentum venosum is the anterior border

Collateral circulation

circulation by secondary channels after obstruction of the principal channel

supplying the heart

Diffuse hepatocellular disease

affects hepatocytes and interferes with liver function

Extrahepatic

pertaining to outside the liver

Falciform ligament

Structure that separates right and left lobes of liver

Glucose deficiency

hypoglycemia(low), hyperglycemia(high)

Hepatocellular disease

classification of liver disease where hepatocytes (liver cells) are the primary

problem, as opposed to obstruction of bile secretion

Hepatocytes

liver cells; produce bile, absorb and secrete nutrients like glucose, and secrete plasma proteins

Hepatofugal

Flow away from the liver

Hepatopetal

Flow toward the liver

Intrahepatic

Within the liver

Left hypochondrium

left upper quadrant of the abdomen that contains the left lobe of the liver, spleen, and stomach

Left lobe and caudate lobe receive blood from?

Stomach and spleen

Left lobe of liver

Lies in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium

Left portal vein

Branch of the main portal vein that marks the anterior border of the caudate lobe and carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the left lobe

Liver function tests

group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions

commonly associated with the biliary tract

Main lobar fissure

boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver; seen as a hyperechoic line on the sagittal image extending from the portal vein to the neck of the gallbladder

Main portal vein

Formed by the splenic, superior, and inferior mesenteric veins; drains blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver to be processed

Metastatic disease

tumor that develops away from the site of the organ; most common form of

neoplasm of the liver; primary sites are the colon, breast, and lung

Liver sono prep

NPO for 6 hours to limit bowel gas

Obstructive disease

classification of liver disease where the main problem is blocked bile excretion

within the liver or biliary system

Pyogenic abscess

Pus forming collection of fluid

Right hypochondriac

upper right lateral region beneath the ribs

Right lobe of liver

Largest lobe of the liver

Right lobe of liver receives blood primarily from the?

Intestine

Right portal vein

supplies the right lobe of the liver; branches into anterior and posterior segments

TIPS (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)

shunt that is placed transjugular and then intrahepatic connecting the portals