APHY101-Course Notes Cardio Anatomy

Circulatory system

Functions as the transport system of the body, delivering oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and regulating chemicals to all cells.

Arteries

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Vessels that carry blood towards the heart.

Lymphatic vessels

Vessels that carry tissue fluid (or lymph) to large veins.

Myocardium

The muscle layer of the heart.

Endocardium

The thin membrane covering the internal surface of the heart.

Atrium

The chamber of the heart that receives blood from large veins.

Ventricle

The chamber of the heart that pumps blood from the heart into large arteries.

Atrioventricular valve (AV valve)

The large valve connecting each atrium and ventricle.

Papillary muscles

Muscle protrusions that anchor the atrioventricular valves through chordae tendineae.

Pulmonary trunk

The vessel that drains the right ventricle and connects to the pulmonary arteries.

Aorta

The largest artery that distributes oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.

Interventricular septum

The partition that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart.

Hydrostatic pressure

The pressure generated by the heart that forces fluid out of the capillaries.

Osmotic pressure

The pressure that draws water back into the capillaries, influenced by plasma proteins.

Edema

The presence of excess tissue fluid.

Deoxygenated blood

Blood low in oxygen content, returning to the heart from systemic circulation.

Oxygenated blood

Blood high in oxygen content that is distributed to the body.

Portal circulation

A circulatory system that moves blood from the capillaries of one organ to those of another.

Coronary arteries

Arteries that supply blood to the myocardium and can become blocked, resulting in heart damage.

Foramen ovale

A hole between atria in a fetus that allows blood to bypass the lungs.

Ductus arteriosus

A direct connection from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta in the fetus that bypasses the lungs.

Umbilical vein

The vein through which oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood enter the fetus.

Ductus venosus

The vessel in the fetus that allows blood to bypass the liver.