CH4 - TISSUES PT3 - Muscle and Nervous Tissue, Membranes, and Tissue Repair

Vocabulary flashcards covering muscle, nervous tissue, membranes, and tissue repair concepts from the notes.

Skeletal muscle tissue

Voluntary, striated muscle tissue composed of long multinucleated fibers that attach to bone via tendons.

Muscle fiber

Another term for a skeletal muscle cell; long, multinucleated, and typically with peripheral nuclei.

Peripheral nuclei

Nuclei located at the edges of a long muscle cell.

Striated muscle

Muscle tissue with alternating light and dark bands seen under the microscope; includes skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bone; fibers run parallel and are called muscle fibers.

Cardiac muscle tissue

Involuntary, striated muscle of the heart; cells are branched and typically have a central nucleus.

Branched cells

Cardiac muscle cells that connect in a network, helping the heart contract as a unit.

Intercalated disc

Specialized junctions between cardiac muscle cells that include gap junctions and desmosomes.

Gap junctions

Channels in intercalated discs that allow electrical communication between cardiac muscle cells.

Desmosomes

Cell junctions that mechanically bind cardiac muscle cells to prevent tearing.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary, non-striated muscle with tapering cells found in hollow organs and vessel walls.

Involuntary muscle

Muscle that is not under conscious control (e.g., cardiac and smooth muscle).

Regeneration capacity

The ability of tissue to replace damaged cells; varies by tissue type (high in epithelium, limited in muscle, absent in most neurons).

Satellite cells

Skeletal muscle stem cells that can contribute to limited muscle regeneration.

Nervous tissue

Tissue containing neurons and neuroglia; neurons conduct electrical impulses, neuroglia support neurons.

Neuron

Primary cell of nervous tissue with a large cell body and long extensions that conduct impulses.

Neuroglia

Glial (supportive) cells in nervous tissue that support and protect neurons.

Glioma

Brain cancer arising from glial cells.

Lamina propria

Areolar connective tissue underlying mucous membranes.

Goblet cell

Secretory cell in mucous membranes that produces mucus.

Mucous membrane

Membrane consisting of epithelium (often with goblet cells) plus lamina propria; lines cavities that open to the exterior.

Serous membrane

Membrane with simple squamous epithelium that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction.

Visceral peritoneum

Serous membrane layer covering abdominal organs.

Parietal peritoneum

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity wall.

Peritoneum

Serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering its organs.

Cutaneous membrane

Skin; keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with underlying areolar tissue.

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium with keratin in surface cells; surface cells are dead and waterproof the skin.

Synovial membrane

Membrane around joints consisting mainly of areolar tissue; secretes thick synovial fluid rich in hyaluronic acid and lacks true epithelium.

Hyaluronic acid

Component of synovial fluid that makes it thick and lubricating.

Areolar tissue

Loose connective tissue underlying epithelium; part of many membranes and surrounds organs.

Inflammation

First step of tissue repair; histamine release from mast cells causes vasodilation and increased blood flow.

Histamine

Chemical released by mast cells that promotes inflammation.

Granulation tissue

New connective tissue and blood vessels formed during tissue repair.

Fibrosis

Scar tissue formation from collagen deposition when regeneration is limited.

Parenchymal cells

Functional, essential cells of an organ; involvement determines regeneration potential.

Stromal cells

Supportive cells (e.g., fibroblasts) involved in tissue repair, often forming collagen scars.

Basement membrane

Thin layer between epithelium and underlying tissue that helps anchor cells.

Epithelial membrane

Membrane consisting of epithelium plus underlying connective tissue; includes mucous and serous membranes (not synovial).