Anthropolgy Exam 1 Part 2

what values and symbols do

classify aspects of life

Example of culture construct

Gregorian Calendar

Symbols lead misunderstandings

change meaning across cultures

Event point out values and symbols

COVID-19

Create classification systems natural world

Carolus Linnaeus

Gregorian Calendar Introduced

1582

How does culture influence perception

vary categories + maps

Culture Appropriation

adopt by majority groups

Example culture appropriation (2)

halloween costumes, prom dresses

Diffusion

culture exchange equal status

Acculturation

Influence between unequal groups

Assimiation

impose dominant culture

Native American icongraphy sports

Protest + call for change

Geertz’s culture

deep symbolic meanings

What is power?

Ability to bring change

How is power embedded?

Social relations

What humman connections display power

teacher-student, parent child

Scholars influence recent scholarship culture + power

Foucault Wolf

Aspect recent studies look into

race, gender, ethnicity

Eric Wolf encourage anthropologists look at

Power to relationships

Role instiutions play: Eric Wolf

shape culture norms

Ethnographic research look into

power between cultures

Reflect not even distribution resources

stratification

Who marginalized accord to view of power + stratification

few people

Instiutions promote

norms and values

Example Institutioons

schools, health systems, scientific + religious organizations

Media convey

images reflect culture values + norms

Culture norms contested

schools + institutions

After 9/11 debate France

Muslim girls wear headscarves

Non-muslim view headscarves

threat French Values

Muslim view headscarves

express freedom to religion

debate in COVID-19

mask mandates

View mask mandates

personal health vs public health

Gramsci’s concept hegemony

dominnt consent no force

Instiutions shape (2)

normal + possible

Foucault describe behavior discipline

no punishment

anti miscegenation law reflect

hegemonic norms

Human Agency

Power contest norms

Influence access resource, rights, privledges

culture

Frequent control system of power

dominant groups

Visible forms to resist

protests, stirkes, rebellions

Shape human behavior + identify (2)

biology + culture

Subtle forms to resist

everday forms

Key topics talked about

basic activites, nature vs nurture, culture variations

Example Culture Vartions Eat Habits

Chopsticks Asia, Forks + Knives North America

Anthropologists criticize genetuc determinism

culture + environment shape behavior

Epigenetics study

environmnet affect gene expression

Role microbiomes play

digest, immune, etc

Bioculture evolution

evolution through biology and culture

How does culture influence human evolution

tools, language, birth control

Enculturation

learned + taught

Culture fixed

no, but does change

Cause new mental maps reality

globalization

Consumer culture create + maintain

contemporary processes

Include norms, values, beliefs, practices + activites

consumerism

Shift from frugality spend patterns

tranform values

Transform consump market lifestyle

Role of Industry

Promote consumerism through holidays

Holiday gift Giving

Symbolize Christmas Promote spend

Santa Claus

Arouse desire + teaches consumer culture

advertise role

What do media influencers promote?

Products, success, status

Black Friday signify

start holiday shopping

Ads children see yearly

40,000

Financial service promote

spend

Advertise pervasive

everywhere

Certain product symbol

happiness, love, sucess

Credit cards rose

70s

Target credit card companies

college students

Mortgage companies encourage

refinance homes

Influence culture of history

trade, migrate, invasion

Homogenization

western brands dominate

Hybridization

blend local + global

McDonald adapt example

McFalafel Egypt

McDonald’s symbol

economic advance

migrate + culture flow

integrate migrants

Power Dynamics

Culture battles over norms

Human Agency

contest culture norms

Anti-Miscegenation Laws Mirror

Hegemonic Norms

Foucault describe behavior discipline

no punishment

Gramscii concept hegemony

Consent no force

Tension mask mandatory debate

public health vs personal freedom

mask mandates during COVID-29

similar headscark debate

Two perspectives with headscarf debate

non-Muslim threat to French values but Muslims want religious freedom

Debate France 9/11

Muslim girls wear headscarves

place culture norms contested

schools + other institutions

Media impact culture

convey image mirror culture values and norms

Example of institutions (4)

Schools, health systems, scientific institutions, religious organizations

Purpose of instiutions

promote norms and values

Stratification affect individual

marginalize a few and perist generationally

Stratification reflect

not even distribution of resources

Ethnographic research find

power near cultures

Institutions play to culture

shape values and norms

Eric Wolf anthropologist consider

power human relationships

Impact new scholarship (2)

Foucault + Wolf

Recent scholarship look into (2)

power and culture dynamics

Power described

embedded social relations

Power, define it

ability bring change

Culture of Geertz

Cultural actions symbolize meanings

Case Study Example

Native American Iconography misuse

assimilation

impose by dominant culture