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Water Quality
depends on various factors including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and contaminants.
The presence of which features indicates an erosional coastline?
Headlands, sea caves, and sea stacks
Depositional coasts are characterized by which of the listed elements?
Lagoons
Barrier island chains
Deltas
Spits
When the Sun-Earth-Moon system is aligned, the high tide will be higher than usual.
true
Ocean waves in the open water cause water molecules to move
Correct answer:
in a circular pattern
Under what conditions does a wave break?
Correct answer:
When a wave's height is equal to the water's depth
Which two processes shape coastlines?
Erosion and deposition
Identify the physical characteristics of erosional coasts.
Rocky shorelines
Sea stacks
Undercut cliffs
During which moon phases are high tides lowest and low tides highest?
First quarter and third quarter
Which of the following are characteristics of a beach?
A beach is composed of submerged and subaerial portions.
Beaches form along shores of ocean.
A local beach safety association is looking for areas that are prone to rip currents. With which offshore features are the rip currents most likely to be associated?
Depressions and channels
Which statement about jetties and groins is true?
They are intended to prevent beach erosion but end up producing it.
Rip channels are hazardous to swimmers because
the strong currents flow straight out from the shore
According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the greater the mass the greater the gravitational attraction, and the closer objects are to one another the greater the gravitational attraction.
true
Why does beach sediment tend to move down current in a zigzag pattern along a beach?
The swash of the wave travels obliquely, but the backwash travels down the slope of the beach.
Which is an unintended consequence of the construction of a breakwater?
Increased erosion downstream of the structure
To maximize fuel economy, a shipping company wants to bring its ships into port during the highest possible high tides. To accomplish this, the shipping company should plan their arrivals to coincide with which moon phase?
New moon
A depositional coastline features the presence of
Correct answer:
beaches, bars, and barrier islands
Identify the elements that are parts of a beach. Mark all that apply.
Berm
Swash zone
Surf zone
Porosity/permeability
two important properties of rocks that determine their ability to store and transmit fluids, including water.
Best rock types for best porosity/permeability
Sandstone and limestone
Basalt
aquifer
geological formation that can store and transmit significant quantities of water. Sandstone, limestone, and gravel are good aquifer materials.
aquitard
geological formation that has low permeability and restricts the flow of water. Clay and shale are good aquitard materials.
geyser
is a hot spring that intermittently erupts a column of water and steam. This happens when groundwater is heated by magma or hot rocks, creating high pressure that forces the water upwards.
hot spring
spring that releases geothermally heated water from the ground. Unlike geysers, hot springs do not necessarily erupt; they just flow out continuously.
water table
The upper level of the saturated zone of groundwater
Cone of depression
lowering of the water table around a pumping well
Darcy's Law
A mathematical equation stating that a volume of water, passing through a specified area of material at a given time, depends on the material's permeability and hydraulic gradient.
Groundwater Pollution
occurs when harmful substances contaminate groundwater, making it unsafe for human use or damaging the ecosystem
Caves and karst
topography form due to the dissolution of soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, and gypsum by slightly acidic water. Over time, this dissolution creates an underground network of passages and chambers.
Stalactites
icicle shaped features that form on cave ceilings
Sinkholes
a large surface crater caused by the collapse of an underground channel or cavern; often triggered by groundwater withdrawal