Climate Change and Atmospheric Circulation

These flashcards cover key concepts related to climate, atmospheric circulation, and the effects of albedo, greenhouse gases, and ocean currents.

What is albedo and what is its range?

Albedo is the reflectivity of a surface, with a range from 0 (very low) to 1 (very high).

What is the albedo of snow and forests?

Snow has a high albedo (0.8–0.9) while forests have a low albedo (0.05).

How do greenhouse gases affect Earth's temperature?

Greenhouse gases absorb longwave radiation and help to keep the surface of the Earth warm, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

What is the average net radiation of Earth?

The average net radiation of Earth is zero.

What is the main mechanism for global heat redistribution?

The main mechanism is convection, which circulates heat from the equator to the poles.

How does the Coriolis effect influence air movement?

The Coriolis effect causes objects (like air masses) to be deflected perpendicular to their course; to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

What are Hadley Cells?

Hadley Cells are atmospheric circulation cells that occur at the equator where warm air rises, resulting in low pressure at the surface.

What are Ferrel Cells and where do they occur?

Ferrel Cells occur at 30° N and S where cool air sinks, creating high pressure at the surface.

What is the role of ocean currents in climate?

Ocean currents distribute heat, such as the Gulf Stream moderating temperatures of the Eastern US and Western Europe.

How does moisture content vary with air temperature?

Cold air holds less water vapor than warm air.