Biology Population and Conservation Y10

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25 Terms

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Biosphere

the thin outer layer of the earth inhabited by organisms

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Biome

a collection of ecosystems sharing climatic conditions

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Community

a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area.

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Consumer

an organism that ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed.

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Ecosystem

a community and its abiotic environment.

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Ecology

the study of relationships between living organisms and their environment.

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Habitat

the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism.

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Niche

an organism's spatial habitat, its feeding activities and its interactions with other species.

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Population

a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time.

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Species

a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

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J Curve

Exponential growth curve, rate of recruitment is increasing, little to no environmental reistance

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Environmental Resistance

Factors that can limit or slow down the growth of a population, Resources limited, Predation or parasitism / disease.

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S Curve or Sigmoid

Rate of recruitment changes from increasing to zero, Moves from no environmental resistance to balance with it

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Rate of recruitment

The rate in which a population increases by adding of individuals to the population

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Phases of S Curve

1. Exponential 2. Transitional 3. Plateau

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Exponential Phase

Population size is growing rapidly, little to no environmental resistance, abundant resources for all, births and immigrants rates are more than death and emigrant rates. B+I >> D+E.

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Transitional Phase

Population growth is slowed down as resource become more scarce, birth and immigrants rates decrease and death and emigrant rates increase. B+I decreases or D+E increases But B+I > D+E.

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Plateau Phase

Population growth comes to a stop, the population has exceeded the environments carrying capacity which causes deaths and emigrants to rise to equal with the births and immigrants. B+I = D+E.

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Population Change

(births + immigration) - (deaths + emigration)

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Carrying Capacity

The maximum number of individuals an environment can support considering the resources available.

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Individual

a single or separate organism

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Organism

A living thing

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CMRR Method

A method used to estimate the population of mobile species in a closed area. A species is captured mark released, the area is re-sampled, the numbers are put through the Lincoln index to estimate the population.

<p>A method used to estimate the population of mobile species in a closed area. A species is captured mark released, the area is re-sampled, the numbers are put through the Lincoln index to estimate the population.</p>
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Lincoln Index

A formula used to estimate the population of a closed environment while using CMRR method.

<p>A formula used to estimate the population of a closed environment while using CMRR method.</p>
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Quadrat Method

A method used to estimate the population of non-mobile species in an area. A grid is put on the area and quadrants are numbered. The species in randomly picked quadrants are counted(the more quadrant counted the more the accurate estimation). The average is found and multiplied by the total amount of quadrants in the grid area.