Artificial Intelligence

artificial intelligence (AI)

computers with the ability to mimic/duplicate the functions of the human brain

artificial intelligence systems

include people, procedures, hardware, software, data, + knowledge needed to develop computer systems + machines that can stimulate human intelligence processes

learning, reasoning, + self-correction

nature of intelligence

the Turing test attempts to determine whether a computer can successfully impersonate a human (no computer has yet to pass)

intelligent behavior includes ability to learn from experiences + apply knowledge acquired from experience, handle complex situations, + solve problems when important information is missing

expert systems

precursor of the modern AI systems

designed to be the most advanced + most reliable in solving complex problems + they work in a specific domain

characteristics of expert systems

highly effective, understandable, reliable, able to process data quickly, capable of critical decision making

capabilities of expert systems

aiding in decision making, data analysis, interpreting input, justifying conclusions

components of expert systems

knowledgeable base, development engineer, inference engineer, explanation facility, knowledge acquisition, user interface

domain expert

person/group with the expertise/knowledge the expert system is trying to capture

knowledge engineer

person who has training/expertise in the design, development, implementation, + maintenance of an expert system

knowledge user

person/group who uses + benefits from the expert system (needs no previous training/experience)

vision systems

hardware + software that permits computers to capture, store, + manipulate visual images + pictures

augmented reality (AR)

a type of vision system that is being used widely in the medical field

vision system software takes computer-generated images + superimposes them on a user’s view of the world through the use of specialized glasses/goggles

genetic algorithms

approach to solving problems based on the theory of evolution; uses the concept of survival of the fittest as a problem-solving strategy

intelligent agent

programs + a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, process, or another program (also called an intelligence robot or bot)

artificial neural networks

a computer system that can recognize + act on patterns/trends that it detects in large sets of data (developed to operate like the human brain)

programmed to learn from each iteration during the training phase (process that continues even after the system is implemented)

machine learning

ability of a computer to learn without having a programmer change the software for every scenario

involves a computer carrying out tasks based on inputs + a set of instructions

natural langugae processing

involves the computer understanding, analyzing, manipulating, and/or generating natural language for processing

used widely in search engines

translators

online translators must be trained in more than just word-to-word translations (grammar + punctuation)

brain-computer interface

technology that interacts with a human’s neural structure + translates the information into activity

robotics

technology using a combination of mechanical engineering, computer science, machine learning, to create a device that can perform tasks with a high degree of precision

industrial robots

designed for speed, accuracy, + safety (size + look dependent on application)