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Last updated 11:15 AM on 5/26/23
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75 Terms

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Tissues
A   group   of   cells   with   similar   structure   and  function   that   have   similar   extracellular  substances  located  between  them.  
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Histology
The  microscopic  study  of  tissue  structure 
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Epithelial Tissue
Covers  external  and  internal  surfaces; Has  a  basement  membrane, Little  EM  (extracellular  matrix), No  blood  vessels.  
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Simple Epithelium
single  layered; diffusion,   filtration,   secretion,   or  absorption;  found  in  organs:  to  move  materials
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Stratified Epithelium
–  multi-­‐‑layered; protection  
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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
single   layered  but  appears  to  be  stratified 
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Transitional Epithelium
stratified   and   can   be   greatly  stretched
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Squamous
flat; diffusion  and  filtration
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Squamous (Non-keratinized)
in   the   deepest   and  outermost  layers,  moist  
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Squamous (Keratinized)
composed   of   dead   cells  containing   the   protein   keratin;   durable,  moisture-­‐‑resistant,  dry  character
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Cuboidal
cube-­like; secretion   and  absorption
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Columnar
tall  and  thin; secretion   and  absorption
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Smooth free surface
reduces friction 
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Microvilli
increase  the  free  surface
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Cilia
propel materials 
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Goblet cells
specialized mucus-producing cells
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Tight junctions
bind adjacent cells together and form permeability barriers prevent the passage of materials between epithelial cells  
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Desmosomes
mechanical links that bind cells together 
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Hemidesmosomes
anchor cells to the basement membrane
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Gap Junctions
allow small molecules and ions to pass
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Glands
secrete substances onto a surface 
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Exocrine
secrete through ducts
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Merocrine
products   are   released   but  no   actual   cellular   material   is   lost;  pancreas
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Apocrine
secretory products  are  released  as  fragments;  mammary  glands
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Holocrine
shedding   of   entire   cells;  sebaceous  glands  
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Endocrine
release  hormones  that  are  absorbed  directly  into  the  blood  
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Connective Tissue
Large  amounts  of  EM  (extracellular  matrix)  
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Blast
germ; forms the matrix (cell of connective tissue)
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Cyte
cells; maintains (cell of connective tissue)
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Clast
breaks down (cell of connective tissue)
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Adipocytes
contain  large  amount  of  lipids  
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Macrophages
WBCs   that   move   about   and  ingest  foreign  substances  
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Mast Cell
play   an   important   role   in  inflammation 
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Mesenchymal Cells
have   the   potential   to  differentiate  to  form  adult  cell  types  
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Collagen Fiber
microscopic   ropes;  flexible  but  resist  stretching  
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Reticular Fiber
fine,   short   that  branch;  support  network  
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Elastic Fiber
coiled;  can  recoil  back  to  shape
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Ground Substance
shapeless   background  where   cells   and   collagen   fibers   can   be   seen;  highly  structured  molecules
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Loose Connective Tissue
Few  protein  fibers,  numerous  spaces  
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Areolar Connective Tissue
EM:   collagen   fibers   and   few  elastic  fibers  
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Adipose Connective Tissue
 contain  large  amounts  of  lipid  (for  energy   storage);   EM:   loose   arranged  collagen   and   reticular   fibers,   scattered  elastic  fibers  
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Dense Connective Tissue
Large  amount  of  protein  fibers  
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Collagenous Connective Tissue
EM:  collagen  fibers
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Elastic Connective Tissue
abundant  elastic  fibers  (stretch  and  recoil)  in  its  collagen  fibers  
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Cartilage
Composed   of   chondrocytes,   in   spaces   called  lacunae; Flexibility  and  strength; Provides  support 
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Hyaline Cartilage
most   abundant,   covers   the  ends   of   bones,   can   withstand   repeated  compressions  
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Fibro Cartilage
more   collagen,   able   to   resists  pulling   or   tearing,   found   in   disks  between   vertebrae   and   some   joints (knee  and  jaw)
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Elastic Cartilage
contains   elastic   fibers,   able   to  recoil   to   its   original,   external   ear,  epiglottis,  auditory  tube  
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Bone
Hard  connective  tissue; Consists  of  living  cells,  mineralized  matrix  
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Osteocytes
(bone   cells),   are   located   within  lacunae
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Blood
liquid  matrix:  enables  blood  to  flow   rapidly;   carry   nutrients,   oxygen,  waste  products
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Hemopoietic
forms  bloods  cells  
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Muscle Tissue
Has  the  ability  to  contract.
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Muscle Fibers
resemble  tiny  threads  
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Skeletal Muscular Tissue
Large,  long,  cylindrical  cells; Multi-nucleated ; Attached  to  bones; Responsible  for  body  movement  
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Cardiac Muscular Tissue
Cylindrical  cells; Branched   and   connected   to   one   another   by  intercalated  disks; Single  nucleated; Found  in  the  heart; Pumps  the  blood  
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Smooth Muscular Tissue
End  tapered  cells; Single  nucleated; Found   in   hollow   organs:   stomach,   intestine;  skin,  eyes. Regulates   size   of   organs,   forces   fluid   through  tubes,  controls  the  amount  of  light  entering  the  eye,  produces  ‘goose  bumps’  
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Nervous Tissue
Found  in  the  brain,  spinal  cord,  and  nerves; Responsible  for  coordinating  and  controlling  
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Action potentials
ability   of   nervous   tissue   cells   to  communicate   with   one   another   by   means   of   electric  signals 
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Neurons
responsible  for  conducting  action  potentials 
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Mucous Membrane
Consists   of   epithelium   and   loose   connective  tissues; Line   the   digestive,   respiratory,   reproductive  tracts; Protection,  absorption,  secretion  
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Serous Membrane
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Simple  squamous         epithelium        and       loose  connective  tissue; Line   the   trunk   cavities   and   cover   the   organs  within  it; Serous  fluid  prevents  damage  from  abrasion 
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Synovial Membrane
Formed  by  connective  tissue; Line  the  inside  of  joint  cavities 
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Inflammation
occurs  when  tissues  are  damaged 
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Histamine & Prostaglandins
chemical   mediators   of  inflammation 
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Edema
swelling  
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Neutrophil
phagocytic  WBC  that  fights  infection 
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Pus
mixture  of  dead  neutrophils,  other  cells,  fluid  
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Chronic Inflammation
Results   when   the   agent   causing   injury   is   not  removed   or   something   else   interferes   with the  healing  process 
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Regeneration
new  cells  are  the  same  type  as  those  that  were  destroyed
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Fibrosis/Replacement
a   new   type   of   tissue   develops that  eventually  causes  scar  production
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Stem Cells
self‑renewing,   undifferentiated   cells   that  continue  to  divide  throughout  life  
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Clot
contains   protein   fibrin   (binds   the   edges   of   a  wound  together  and  stops  the  bleeding) 
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Scab
dried  surface  of  a  clot;  seals  the  wound  and  helps prevent  infection  
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Granulation Tissue
delicate,   granular   appearing  connective   tissue   that   consists   of   fibroblasts,   collagen,  capillaries