exam 1 EMC 103

What does the thoracic cavity contain

The heart, lungs, esophagus, great vessels

What is the vertebral column

Spinal column

What are the 5 sections that the spinal column divided into

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

What is the thorax? And what is it made out of

The chest

clavicle, manubrium, and xiphoid process.

What is ball und socket joint ?

Allows rotation B bending like the hip

What is a hinge joint

Motion restricted to flexion and extension like the elbow

What is the difference between the axial and the appendicular skeleton

The axial skeleton consists of the skull, chest and the vertebrae column

Appendicular skeleton consist of the extremities and pelvis

Where does the upper extremity extend from?

Pectoral girdle to finger tips

What do facial bones consist of?

Frontal bones, temporal bone, parietal bone

What does the shoulder girdle include? And what does the humerus do?

Clavicle (Collarbone), Scapula (Shoulder blade)

Humerus: is the supporting bone

What does the forearm consist of?

the radius and ulna

What are the major bones in the wrist and hand?

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

What is the skull made up of?

Cranium and facial bones

What is tiba?

What is the fibula?

Tiba: Shinbone

Fibula: lateral side of the leg

Where is smooth muscle found?

Within blood vessels and intestines

What is the musculoskeletal system

Form of tissue that contracts & relaxes to enable bodily movement

Consists of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

Movement and postural maintenance

like produce heat by shivering

What is the pharynx?

Throat

What is the nasopharynx?

Upper section sitting directly behind your nose where air from nostrils enters

What is Oropharynx

Middle section where air and food passes

What is Larynopharynx?

Lowe section right above the voicebox

What is the larynx?

Voicebox

What is the epiglottis?

flap that prevents food from entering the trachea

How does blood flow through the heart?

1. Goes through body with low O2 and high CO2

2. Then pushes blood down to the right ventricle and into the lungs where O2 is exchanged for CO2

3. Then oxygenated blood goes back to the left atrium from lungs

4. Down to the left ventricle Nd pumps blood through the body

What does the pulmonary artery do?

What does pulmonary vein do?

PA: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

PV: Carries Oxygenated blood to the heart

What is the aorta?

Carries Oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body

What’s the difference between the Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava?

Superior Vena Cava: Carries blood returning from head, neck, upper extremities

Inferior Vena Cava: Carries blood from Abdomen and lower extremities

What is a spleen?

Solid organ located under the ribcage and filters blood

What is systole?

Left ventricle contrast, it pumps blood from ventricle into aorta

What is Diastole?

When muscle of the ventricle relaxes, ventricle fills with blood

What is perfusion?

Circulated blood in an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the needs of the cell

What is Hypofusion

(Shock) inadequate blood supply to organs, tissue, cells

What two main portions is the nervous system divided into?

1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

Is responsible for the fight-or-flight response by sending commands to adrenal glands

What is the parasympathetic system?

Causes the heart rate to slow down

What is cerebellum in charge of?

Controls balance, muscle coordination, posture

What is the brainstem in charge of?

Controls all involuntary functions like breathing and tempature regulation

What is Cerebrum?

Responsible for higher brain power, like reasoning and learning

What is cerebrospinal fluid?

Cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord

How is there circulation in the head?

Oxygenated blood is supplied in the head through carotid arteries

What are the peripheral Nervous system parts? What does it do?

Somatic nervous system and

Autonomic nervous system

Consciousness is controlled by this component of the nervous system

What is the difference between the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system?

Somatic signals to the brain: voluntary muscles and transmits sensory info

Autonomic signals: manage involuntary body functions and divide into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous sytem

What is Pancreas & it’s function?

Long flat gland in your abdomen sitting right behind the stomach

Works as digestive helped and blood sugar regular

Whats the liver function?

Process nutrients absorbed from food and breaks down toxins & makes bile

What does the small intestine do?

Aborbs nutirents from food & passes them to ur blood stream

What does the large intestine do

Absorbs remaining H2O & salts from indigestible food waste turning liquid leftover to poop

Appendix holds what?

Holds healthy gut bacteria

What is Hypoxia?

Too little O2 reaching the body tissue cell

What is Hypercapnia

Too much O2 building up in the blood bc the body can’t exhale fast enough

How do cells create energy?

Through anaerobic metabolism