AP World History: Modern, Unit 1 (The Global Tapestry, 1200-1450)

Flashcards covering state building and development in East Asia, Dar al-Islam, South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

What is Confucianism?

A philosophy teaching the hierarchy of society and relationships; fathers & sons, husbands & wives, rulers & subjects

What is Filial Piety?

To honor parents/deceased grandparents.

How did Imperial Bureaucracy grow in Song China?

It grew in scope via civil service exams (for wealthy men, based on Confucianism), thus allowing merit-based jobs

How did Korea relate to Song China?

Emperors maintained relationships with Song China, calling them superior (yearly tributes)

What are the characteristics of Champa Rice?

Drought-Resistant and 2x-3x harvestable per year

What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

Life is suffering; we suffer because we crave; we stop suffering when we stop craving; the Eightfold Path leads to the cessation of suffering AND craving

What are the characteristics of Mahayana Buddhism?

Buddhism is available to ALL; Buddha is like a God; Emphasis of compassion

What is the Commercialization of Economy?

Selling goods, paper money, credit, etc.

What are the examples of Transportational Innovations in Song China?

Grand Canal expansion and magnetic compass/ship-building techniques.

What are the major religions of Dar al-Islam?

Abrahamic: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

What type of empires replaced the fragmented Abbasid Caliphate by 1200?

Turkic- based empires

Where did the Seljuk Empire originate?

Central Asia (pastoral people)

How did Islam spread?

Military expansion (e.g. Delhi Sultanate), merchant trade, and missionaries (Sufism)

What was invented in mathematics during the Golden Age of Islam?

Trigonometry

What was the House of Wisdom?

Library in Baghdad where Greek works were translated into Arabic

What are the major religions in South and Southeast Asia?

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam

What are the key characteristics of Hinduism?

Polytheistic belief system, reunite individual souls to the Brahman (world soul), rebirth/cycles/reincarnation, unified India via the caste system

How did Buddhism differ from Hinduism in India?

Rejected caste system and promoted equality

What Muslim state was established in the north of India by Turkic invaders in 1206?

Delhi Sultanate

What is the Bhakti Movement?

Encourages believers to only worship one of the millions of Hindu deities; Rejected caste system/hierarchy; Spiritual/mystical experience; Access to all people

How did Sufism influence Islam in South Asia?

Rejected doctrines and elitism; Access to all people

What are the examples of the power from the sea?

Srivijaya Empire and Majapahit Empire

What are the examples of the power from the land?

Sinhala Dynasties and Khmer Empire

What are the examples of Mesoamerica civilizations?

Maya, Aztec

What are the examples of the Andean civilizations?

Inca

What was the political organization of the Maya civilization?

Decentralized city-states who tried to create more tributary states through conquest

How did the Mexica people consolidate power in the Aztec Empire?

Military and allied with two other states in the area

What was the Mit'a System in the Inca Empire?

Everyone must serve the state in some capacity at some point in the year

What are the characteristics of the Mississippian culture civilization?

Great Suns = powerful chiefs ruling each town (hierarchical structure to society); Mound-building projects (memorial in nature) are the basis of villages

Where was the Swahili Civilization located?

East Coast of Africa

What goods were Swahili merchants interested in?

Ivory/Gold/Slaves/Timber that could be found inside Africa’s borders

What are the characteristics of the Hausa Kingdoms?

Urbanized/commercialized states who acted as middlemen, also ruled by a king with Islamic ties to become part of the HoI

What are the characteristics of Ethiopia?

Christian kingdom who also got rich through trade (Med. Sea & Indian Ocean); Traded in salt; Centralized power with king at the top, class hierarchy

What are the two branches of Christianity in Europe?

Roman Catholic & Eastern Orthodox

What is Feudalism?

System of allegiance between lords, monarchs, knights

What is Manorialism?

Peasants bonded to land who worked it for protection

What is the power structure like in Roman Catholic Christianity in Western Europe?

Popes, cardinals, bishops hold a majority of the power