APES UNIT 7

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22 Terms

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Primary Pollutants
Emitted directly from a source, such as CO, NOx, and SO2.
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Secondary Pollutants
Form when primary pollutants react in the atmosphere, e.g., ozone and acid rain.
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Criteria Air Pollutants
Six pollutants regulated by the Clean Air Act: NO2, O3, SO2, CO, PM, Pb.
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Photochemical Smog
Forms when NOx and VOCs react in sunlight creating tropospheric ozone.
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Industrial Smog
Caused by burning coal releasing SO2, prevalent in areas with heavy coal use.
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Thermal Inversion
A layer of warm air traps cooler air below, worsening air pollution.
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Acid Rain
Precipitation formed from SO2 and NOx reacting with water in the atmosphere.
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Effects of Acid Deposition
Lowered water pH affecting aquatic life, nutrient leaching from soil, erosion of structures.
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Particulate Matter (PM10 & PM2.5)
PM10 are larger particles causing irritation; PM2.5 are smaller, penetrating deep into lungs.
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
CO binds to hemoglobin, preventing oxygen transport, causing serious health issues.
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Stratospheric Ozone
Protects from UV radiation (good ozone).
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Tropospheric Ozone
A secondary pollutant and component of smog (bad ozone).
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Indoor Air Pollutants
Common ones include radon, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide.
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Noise Pollution Effects
Leads to hearing loss, stress, high blood pressure, and disruptions in wildlife.
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Clean Air Act
Regulates air pollutants, establishes standards, and reduces emissions.
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Reducing Vehicle Pollution
Methods include catalytic converters, public transport, and electric vehicles.
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Controlling Industrial Pollution
Methods include scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and baghouse filters.
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Montreal Protocol
A global agreement that banned CFCs to protect the ozone layer.
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Role of Trees in Air Quality
Trees absorb CO2, filter particulates, and produce oxygen.
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Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Chemicals that evaporate easily from products like paints and gasoline.
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Sources of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Pollution
Includes burning coal and oil, industrial processes, and volcanic eruptions.
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Lead in the Atmosphere
Main source was lead-based gasoline, phased out by the Clean Air Act.