biopsychosocial factors of mental disorders - lecture

why do mental disorders develop?

a complex combination of biological, psychological and social factors that are unique to the individual

what are the sub-personal factors of the BPS model?

nervous system

what are the supra-personal factors of the BPS model?

individuals existing in a psychosocial context:

- family

- community

- culture

- society

- biosphere

which model only reflects the sub-personal factors in the development of mental disorders?

biomedical model

what does the biological system of the BPS model represent? (2)

- anatomical, structural and molecular substrate of disease

- the effects of the disease on biological functioning

what does the psychological system of the BPS model represent?

effects of psychodynamic factors like motivation and personality on the experience of and reaction to illness

what does the social system of the BPS model represent?

cultural, environmental and familial influences on the expression and experience of illness

what are the 3P's?

- predisposing factors

- precipitating factors

- perpetuating factors

what is the importance of the 3P's?

closely linked with the BPS model in development of mental disorders - but focuses on why the pt has developed the disorder at this particular point in their life

what are examples of predisposing biological factors? (4)

- genetic

- age

- sex

- family history

what are examples of predisposing psychological factors? (4)

- personality traits

- mood

- distress tolerance

what are examples of predisposing social factors? (5)

- poverty

- geographic region

- childhood experiences

- education level

- chronic job stress

what are examples of precipitating (stressors/triggers) biological factors? (5)

- acute illness

- severe medical disorder

- major surgery or procedure

- physical trauma

- substance use/misuse

what are examples of precipitating (stressors/triggers) psychological factors? (3)

- poor coping/problem solving

- negative thoughts

- psychopathology

what are examples of precipitating (stressors/triggers) social factors? (4)

- life events (baby, car accident, marriage, losing job, academic struggles, divorce)

- social support

- interpersonal conflict

- natural disasters

what are examples of perpetuating biological factors? (3)

- substance use/misuse

- chronic physical illness

- immunosuppression

- non-compliance with treatments

what are examples of perpetuating psychological factors? (5)

- coping style

- social support

- compensatory behaviours

- negative thoughts

- avoidance behaviours

what are examples of perpetuating social factors? (6)

- social support

- work/life schedule rigidity

- social stigma

- financial obligation

- poverty

- unemployment

which genes on which chromosomes are linked with an increase risk of alzeihmer's?

PS-2 - chromosome 1

PS-1 - chromosome 14

APOE4 - chromosome 19

APP - chromosome 21

what is Beck's cognitive triad?

1) negative views about the world - "everyone is against me because i'm worthless"

2) negative views about oneself - "i'm worthless and inadequate"

3) negative views about the future - "i'll never be good at anything"

what are some of the main biological factors contributing to mental disorders?

- chromosomal abnormalilties

- genetics

- neurochemical changes (especially monoamines)

what are some of the main psychological factors contributing to mental disorders?

- pre-existing personality traits

- psychological development - developing irrational or negative thoughts

- conditioning or learned behaviours

what are some of the main social factors contributing to mental disorders?

- environments

- finances

- relationships

- occupation

- social media