Human Biology: Human Development & The Skeletal System

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to human development and the skeletal system.

Chondroblast

A cell that builds cartilage.

Osteoblast

A cell that builds bone.

Osteoclast

A cell that breaks down bone.

Osteocyte

A mature bone cell that maintains bone structure.

Ligament

Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.

Tendon

Fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Calcitonin

A hormone produced by the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A hormone produced by the parathyroid glands that raises blood calcium levels.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by an imbalance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, leading to weakened bones.

Acromegaly

A disorder caused by excessive growth hormone secretion, leading to enlarged bones in the jaw, fingers, and feet.

Gigantism

A condition caused by excessive growth hormone secretion during childhood, leading to increased bone length.

Ossification

The process by which osteoblasts replace cartilage with bone.

Homeostasis

The process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment.

Human Growth Hormone (HGH)

A hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction.

Calcium Homeostasis

The regulation of calcium levels in the blood.

Dwarfism

A condition characterized by short stature, often caused by genetic factors.

Bone Plasticity

The ability of bones to change in shape, size, and strength in response to stress.

Growth Plate

The area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones in children and adolescents.

Chondrocytes

Mature cartilage cells.

Myofibrils

Structures within muscle cells composed of actin and myosin filaments.