Pharmacognosy Identification (Active Constituents)

Tragacanth

Bassorin (swells)

Tragacanthin (thickener)

Acacia

Arabin

Karaya

Sterculia gum (Sterculia urens)

D-galacturonic acid

D-glucoronic acid

Agar

marine gums

Agarose

Agaropectin

Algin

Sodium alginate

Carageenan

marine gum

Kappa & Iota carageenan (swelling)

Lambda carageenan (nonswelling)

Danish agar

k-carrageenan

Guar Gum

1,4 linked D-mannopyranosyl

Grecian Foxglove

Digoxin

Foxglove

Digitoxin

Convallaria

Convallatoxin

Adonis

Adonitoxin

Strophanthus

cardiac glycoside

k-strophanthoside

Strophanthidin

Apocynum/Black Indian Hemp/Dogbane

Apocynum canabinum

cardiac glycosides

Cymarin

Oleander/Adelfa

Oleandrin

Squill

cardiac glycoside

Urginea maritima

Scillaren A

Black Hellebore

hellebrin

Cascara Sagrada

D glycosides - based on emodin

C glycosides - based on aloin

Cascarosides A&B - barbaloin isomers

Cascarosides C&D - chrysaloin isomers

Frangula

Frangulin A & B

Aloe

Barbaloin

Aloe-emodin

Rhubarb

Rhein anthrones

Senna

anthraquinone glycoside

Cassia acutifolia, Cassia angustifolia

Sennosides A, B, C, and D

Glycirrhiza

Glycyrrhizin/glycyrrhic acid

(50x as sweet as sugar)

Glycyrrhetic acid

(anti-inflam)

Ginseng

Ginsenosides

Panaxosides

Chikusetsusaponins

Dioscorea

Botogenin

Diosgenin

Bitter Almonds

Amygdalin

Wild Cherry

Prunasin

Apricot Pits

Laetrile/Vit. B17

Cassava

Mannihotoxin

Black Mustard

Sinigrin

White mustard

Sinalbin → myrosin → acrinyl isothiocyanate

Salicin

Saligenin

Vanilla

Vanillin

Uva Ursi

Arbutin

Cantharides

Cantharidin

Psoralens

Methoxsalen

Trioxsalen

Hamemelis Leaf

Hamamelitannin

Nutgall

pseudotannins

Tannic acid

Gallotannic acid

Castor Oil

Ricin (toxic)

Ricinine (alkaloid)

Azeleic acid (anti-acne)

Linseed Oil

Linileic acid

Coconut Oil

Lauric & Myristic acid

Olive Oil

Oleic acid

Peanut Oil

Oleic acid, Linoleic acid

Rapeseed Oil

Erucic acid

Peppermint Oil

Menthol

Cinnamon Oil

Cinnamaldehyde

Lemon Peel

Limonene & Citral

Lemon Balm

Citral

Orange Oil

aldehyde VO

Citrus sinensis

Limonene

Cardamom OIl

Cineole, Borneol

Rose Oil

Geraniol, Nerol

Orange Flower Oil

also known as Neroli oil

alcohol VO

Linalool

Pine Oil

α-terpineol, pinene

Camphor

Carvone

Buchu

Diosphenol

Spearmint

(+)Carvone

Caraway Oil

(+)Carvone

Wormwood Oil

Thujone

Cedar Leaf Oil

ketone VO

Thujone, Fenchone

Clove Oil

Eugenol

Thymol

Thymol

Creosote

Creosol

Nutmeg

Safrole

Myristicin

Eucalyptus Oil

Cineole/Eucalyptol/Cajuputol

Mustard Oil

Allyl isothiocyanate

Acrinyl isothiocyanate

Gaultheria Oil

Methylsalicylate

Podophyllum

Podophyllin

Cannabis

THC - euphoric agent

Cannabidiol - manuf of rope

Capsicum

Capsaicin

White Pine

Coniferin

Nicotine

Nicotine

Areca

Arecoline

Lobelia

Lobeline

pyridine-piperidine alkaloid

Cinchona

Quinidine - anti-arrthythmic

Quinine - antimalarial

Ipecac

isoquinoline alkaloids

Emetine

Sanguinaria

isoquinoline alkaloids

Sanguinarine

Tubocurarine

isoquinoline alkaloids

Tubocurarine

Hydrastis

isoquinoline alkaloids

Hydrastine

Black hellebore use

Cardiac stimulant

White hellebore use

Cardiac depressant/hypotensive

Green hellebore use

Cardiac depressant/hypotensive

Rauwolfia serpentina

Reserpine

Rescinnamine

Deserpidine (II-desmethoxyreserpine)

Yohimbine

Catharanthus

Vincristine and Vinblastine (antineoplastic/oncolytic)

Nux Vomixa

Strychnine - toxic central stimulant

Brucine - alcohol denaturant

Physostigmine

indole alkaloid

Physostigmine/Eserine - Tx glaucoma, miotic

Ergot

indole alkaloids

Ergonovine - oxytocic

Ergotamine - migrane

Lysergic acid Diethylamide (LSD)

Khat

Cathinone - alleviate sensation of hunger and fatigue

Peyote

Mescaline (3,4,5 trimethoxy-ẞ-phenylethylamine)