Unit 10- Mixtures and solutions

What’s a mixture?

When two or more substances mix together but be able to sepeate into two pure substances.

Solution

Homogeneous mixture that has substances that are uniformly distributed. Can be gas, liquid, aqueous, or solid.

Suspension

Heterogeneous mixture that contains large particles that are unevenly distributed. Dispersed, settle, float, etc

Colloid

Heterogeneous mixture that has tiny particles that remain distributed throughout the water. Usually produce cloudy mixture

What’s homogeneous?

A mixture in which the particles are uniformly distributed and the particles are not visible.

What’s heterogenous?

A mixture in which you can see the particles and there are different visible parts. Particles are NOT uniformly distributed.

electrolyte

substance that dissolves in water and the solution conducts electricity. (ionic bonds, polar molecules, strong acids)

non-electrolyte

substance that dissolves in water but the solution does not conduct electricity (covalent bonds/weak acids)

alloy

a solid solution

concentration

The amount of solute in a given amount of solvent

What are 3 ways to express concentration?

Molarity, dilutions, and mole fraction!

Molarity formula:

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

Dilutions formula

M₁V₁= M₂V₂ M= molarity (M) V= volume (L)

what does M₁ mean in the formula?

stock solution or initial value

What is the formula for mole fraction?

mole fraction = moles of component / total moles of solution

solvent

thing doing the dissolving (most common is water)

solute

thing that’s dissolving

What are the 4 ways to classify mixtures?

Filtration, distillation, crystallization, and chromatography

What are the 3 factors that affect the solubility of a solute?

Surface area, stirring/shaking, and temperature

Does pressure affect liquids, solids, and gases?

It only affects gases, it increases the solubility