Chemistry (More)

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30 Terms

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Water displacement
Finding volume of irregularly shaped solid
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pure substance
homogeneous, definite composition
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element
cannot be broken down, definite properties
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atom
smallest particle of element retaining its properties
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monatomic element
atoms are singular
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diatomic element
atoms are in pairs
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Mixture
Combination of 2 or more pure substances, physically combined but not chemically
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heterogeneous
definite variation in composition
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colloids
heterogenous mixture where particles are suspended – too small to see
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suspension
heterogeneous mixture where particles are larger, separated
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homogeneous mixtures
constant composition throughout, individual components not visible
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Solute
Dissolved in the solute
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Solvent
Dissolves the solute
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mechanical, magnetic, filtration, decantation, evaporation, centrifuge, , density separation, paper chromatography, distillation
ways of mixture separation
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mechanical separation
often by hand, takes advantage of physical properties
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Magnetic separation
takes advantage of magnetism
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Filtration
takes advantage of state of matter
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Decantation
Takes advantage of differences in density, to pour off a liquid, leaving another liquid/solid behind
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Evaporation
Vaporizing a liquid and leaving the dissolved solid behind
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Centrifuge
circular motion helps denser components sink to bottom faster
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Density separation using separatory funnel
More dense components sink to bottom and less dense components float
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Paper chromatography
Uses property of molecular attraction to separate mixture
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Distillation
separation of mixture of liquids based on boiling
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compounds are
composed of multiple elements chemically bonded
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Groups
Vertical columns on periodic tables
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Periods
Horizontal groups on periodic table
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metals
solid, ductile, cluster, good conductors
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metalloids
properties of both metals and nonmetals, luster, brittle, semiconductors
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nonmetals
liquid, solid, or gas, dull, brittle, insulator
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Chemistry
study of composition, structure and properties of matter, energy changes