Chemistry (More)

Water displacement

Water displacement

Finding volume of irregularly shaped solid

pure substance

homogeneous, definite composition

element

cannot be broken down, definite properties

atom

smallest particle of element retaining its properties

monatomic element

atoms are singular

diatomic element

atoms are in pairs

Mixture

Combination of 2 or more pure substances, physically combined but not chemically

heterogeneous

definite variation in composition

colloids

heterogenous mixture where particles are suspended – too small to see

suspension

heterogeneous mixture where particles are larger, separated

homogeneous mixtures

constant composition throughout, individual components not visible

Solute

Dissolved in the solute

Solvent

Dissolves the solute

mechanical, magnetic, filtration, decantation, evaporation, centrifuge, , density separation, paper chromatography, distillation

ways of mixture separation

mechanical separation

often by hand, takes advantage of physical properties

Magnetic separation

takes advantage of magnetism

Filtration

takes advantage of state of matter

Decantation

Takes advantage of differences in density, to pour off a liquid, leaving another liquid/solid behind

Evaporation

Vaporizing a liquid and leaving the dissolved solid behind

Centrifuge

circular motion helps denser components sink to bottom faster

Density separation using separatory funnel

More dense components sink to bottom and less dense components float

Paper chromatography

Uses property of molecular attraction to separate mixture

Distillation

separation of mixture of liquids based on boiling

compounds are

composed of multiple elements chemically bonded

Groups

Vertical columns on periodic tables

Periods

Horizontal groups on periodic table

metals

solid, ductile, cluster, good conductors

metalloids

properties of both metals and nonmetals, luster, brittle, semiconductors

nonmetals

liquid, solid, or gas, dull, brittle, insulator

Chemistry

study of composition, structure and properties of matter, energy changes