Unit: 7 Solar System

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38 Terms

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Causes the lunar phases
Varying amounts of the Sun's illumination on the Moon due to the angle between the Earth, Sun, and Moon.
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Length of one lunar cycle
28 days.
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Revolution
Object’s orbital motion around another object. Creates seasons on Earth.
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Rotation
Object's spinning motion about its own axis. Creates day and night on Earth.
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Number of lunar phases
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New moon
When the moon is closest to the sun, completely dark.
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Full moon
When the moon is furthest from the sun, completely illuminated, two weeks after a new moon.
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Waxing
Visible portion of the Moon becomes larger, happens after new moon.
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Waning
Visible portion of the Moon becomes smaller, happens after full moon.
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Moon phases in order
New moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent.
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Process that creates day and night on earth
Rotation.
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Process that creates seasons
Revolution and tilt of the Earth.
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23.5 degrees
Tilt of Earth's axis.
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Tilted towards the Sun
More direct sunlight, summer
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Solstice
The start of new seasons and the days with the most or least amount of sunlight. Summer solstice, longest day of the year, June 21, most amount of sunlight. Winter solstice, shortest day of the year, December 21, least amount of sunlight.
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Equinox
Two times of the year when days and nights are of equal length (spring and fall).
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Lunar eclipse
full moon passes into Earth's shadow causing the Moon to appear red. (sun, earth, moon), lasts 1 - 3 1/2 hours.
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Solar eclipse
Moon passes between Earth & Sun, and covers all or part of the sun. (sun, moon, earth), lasts less than 12 minutes.
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Umbra
The darkest part of a shadow where light is fully blocked, full shadow.
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Penumbra
The lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked, partial shadow.
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Sun
The star at the center of our solar system that holds all planets in orbit.
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Planet
A large celestial body that revolves around the sun.
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Moon
A celestial body that revolves around a planet.
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Asteroid
Large and small rocks or metallic masses orbiting the Sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter.
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Comet
Small mass of dust and ice.
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Meteoroid
Space rock smaller than an asteroid that changes to a meteor when it enters Earth's atmosphere.
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Inner/ Rocky planets
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
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Outer/ Gas giants
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
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Asteroid belt
Separates the inner planets from the outer.
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Gravity
The force that causes objects with mass to attract one another.
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Increase
Mass of a celestial body increases the gravitational pull \_______
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Decreases
Distance between two celestial bodies increases the gravitation pull \_______
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The Big Bang theory
Theory that states that the universe began as a small pinpoint that expanded rapidly about 13.7 billion years ago.
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Elliptical
Galaxy egg shaped, no dust.
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Spiral
Galaxy stars in the arms and lanes of dust.
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Barred spiral
Galaxy with a bright bar across the center.
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Irregular
Does not have a regular shape (any shape), does not fit into any one catagory.
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Solar System
Was formed 4.6 billion years ago it is a part of the Milky Way galaxy.