L5 MIL Media Evolution & Theories

EVOLUTION OF MEDIA

The evolution of media refers to the way forms of COMMUNICATION and INFORMATION DISSEMINATION have changed and developed over time.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND NEW MEDIA

TRADITIONAL MEDIA is LIMITED, ONE-DIRECTIONAL, and uses SPECIFIC SENSE RECEPTORS (e.g., sight for PRINT, hearing for RADIO, both for TV).

NEW MEDIA is INTERACTIVE, allows FEEDBACK, and INTEGRATES OLD MEDIA.

PRE-HISTORICAL AGE

BEFORE 1700s: People discovered FIRE, developed PAPER from PLANTS, and made tools from STONE, BRONZE, COPPER, and IRON.

CAVE PAINTINGS

Painted DRAWINGS on CAVE WALLS OR CEILINGS, often of ANIMALS. Started 40,000 YEARS AGO.

CLAY TABLETS

Used in MESOPOTAMIA (2400 BC). Early Writing Tablet recorded ALLOCATION OF BEER (3100-3000 B.C.E.), LATE PREHISTORIC PERIOD.

HORNS

Used to CAPTURE and CALL OUT ATTENTION for IMPORTANT MESSAGES during PRE-HISTORIC TIMES.

INDUSTRIAL AGE

(1700s-1930s): Period of MAJOR SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, and TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE beginning LATE 18th CENTURY.

TELEGRAPH

System to TRANSMIT MESSAGES OVER LONG DISTANCES using ELECTRICAL SIGNALS over WIRES; uses MORSE CODE.

TYPEWRITER

Machine that PRINTS LETTERS when keys are STRUCK. Used from LATE 1800s to LATE 1900s before COMPUTERS.

ELECTRONIC AGE

(1930s-1980s): Invention of TRANSISTORS led to TRANSISTOR RADIOS, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, EARLY COMPUTERS, and LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION.

TRANSISTOR RADIO

PORTABLE RADIO that uses TRANSISTORS to AMPLIFY and PROCESS RADIO SIGNALS.

TELEVISION (1941)

Gained POPULARITY in 1940s. Let people SEE and HEAR speakers. REVOLUTIONIZED MEDIA EXPERIENCE.

APPLE 1 COMPUTER

Released APRIL 11, 1976. Designed by STEVE WOZNIAK, sold by STEVE JOBS. Sold items to FUND it. One unit sold for $905,000 in 2014.

NEW DIGITAL AGE

Use of MICROELECTRONICS led to PERSONAL COMPUTERS, MOBILE DEVICES, and WEARABLE TECH. INTERNET enabled FASTER COMMUNICATION and SOCIAL NETWORKING.

SMARTPHONE

CELLULAR PHONE with INTEGRATED COMPUTER, OPERATING SYSTEM, INTERNET ACCESS, and APP CAPABILITIES.

COMPUTER

First PORTABLE COMPUTER: OSBORNE by ADAM OSBORNE from OSBORNE COMPUTER CORP.

MEDIA AND GOVERNMENT

SECTION 4, ARTICLE III of PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION: "No law shall be passed ABRIDGING the FREEDOM OF SPEECH, EXPRESSION, or the PRESS…"

MEDIA DEMOCRACY

A system where MEDIA is FREE, INDEPENDENT, and ACCOUNTABLE TO THE PUBLIC, allowing DIVERSE PERSPECTIVES.

AUTHORITARIAN THEORY

All COMMUNICATION is under CONTROL of GOVERNING ELITE, AUTHORITIES, or INFLUENTIAL BUREAUCRATS.

SOVIET MEDIA THEORY

Based on MARXIST-LENINIST PRINCIPLES. MEDIA serves WORKING CLASS under COMMUNIST PARTY founded by LENIN.

MARXIST THEORY

"GUIDE TO ACTION" of the INTERNATIONAL MARXIST TENDENCY. Emphasizes POLITICAL EDUCATION and PROGRAM.

STALINIST THEORY

RULE of JOSEPH STALIN (1929-1953): associated with TERROR, TOTALITARIANISM, and STATE CONTROL.

LIBERTARIAN THEORY

Belief that PEOPLE are RATIONAL and can distinguish GOOD from BAD IDEAS.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY THEORY

Press is FREE but CONTENT should be PUBLICLY DISCUSSED. MEDIA must accept PUBLIC INTERFERENCE or SELF-REGULATION.

FOMID MONITORING

INFORM CITIZENS about what's HAPPENING AROUND THEM.

FOMID INFORMATION

EDUCATE the public on the MEANING and SIGNIFICANCE of FACTS; TEACH NORMS and VALUES.

FOMID OPINION

Provide PLATFORM for PUBLIC DISCOURSE, forming and REFLECTING PUBLIC OPINION.

FOMID WATCHDOG

Give PUBLICITY to GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS; ADVOCATE POLITICAL VIEWPOINTS.

5 FOMIDS

Monitoring Functions
Information Functions
Opinion Functions
Watch Dog Role of Journalism
Serve as the Channel for the Advocacy of Political Viewpoints

3 Prehistoric Media

Cave Paintings
Clay Tablets
Horns

2 Industrial Media

Telegraph
Typewriter

3 Electronic Media

Transistor Radio
Television
Apple 1 Computer

2 New Digital Media

Smartphone
Computer

4 Normative Theories of the Press

1. The Authoritarian Theory
2. The Libertarian Theory
3. The Soviet Communist Theory
4. The Social Responsibility Theory

Others:
Marxist Theory
Stalinist Theory