Flaw of an argument (Fallacies, Analogies and Appeals)

Hasty Generalization

a claim that is based on inadequate evidence

Ad Hominin

Attacking your opponent’s character or personal traits instead of engaging with their argument

Appeal to Authority

Using the opinion or position of an authority figure, or institution of authority, in place of an actual argument.

Restricting the options/False dichotomy

Two alternative states are presented as the only possibilities when in fact more possibilities exist

Equivocation

sliding between two or more different meanings of a single word or phrase that is important to the argument

Appeal to emotion

Manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument

Tu quoque

dismissing a claim by calling someone out to be a hypocrite

Strawman

Misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.

Appeal to nature

Making the argument that because something is ‘natural’ it is better.

Conflation

brings two or more different concepts together and treats them as the same thing

Slippery slope

Asserting that if we allow A to happen, then Z will consequently happen too therefore, A should not happen.

Appeal to popularity

agreeing to an idea on the grounds that because  many people do something. (as an attempted form of validation)

Faulty Analogy

When a writer tries to prove an argument by comparing situations that are really not comparable using a simile

Appeal to Tradition

an idea is claimed to be right because it is the way it was often done in the past

False cause

Creating a false relationship between two unrelated factors. (or Treating correlation as if it is causation)