Lecture 9 notes & study guide

What are the three functional classifications of joints based on movement allowed?

Synarthroses (immovable), Amphiarthroses (slightly movable), Diarthroses (freely movable).

What type of joint are sutures of the skull classified as?

Fibrous joints, specifically Synarthroses (immovable).

What is a common example of a Synovial joint?

Shoulder joint, hip joint, knee joint, or elbow joint.

What are the two main classifications of joints?

Functional classification (based on movement) and Structural classification (based on material binding bones).

What type of joint is the elbow primarily classified as?

Hinge joint.

What movement decreases the angle of a joint?

Flexion.

What is the term for the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body?

Abduction.

What is the main characteristic feature of Synovial joints?

They have a fluid-filled joint cavity.

What type of joint is the hip classified as?

Ball-and-socket joint.

What causes bursitis?

Inflammation of a bursa, usually caused by a blow or friction.

What is synovial fluid's primary function?

To lubricate and nourish articular cartilage.

What type of joint injury involves stretching or tearing of ligaments?

Sprains.

What defines a Diarthroses joint?

Freely movable joints.

What is the primary movement occurring at the knee joint?

Flexion and extension.

What movement involves a bone turning around its own long axis?

Rotation.

What condition is characterized by excessive uric acid in joints, often affecting the great toe?

Gouty arthritis (Gout).

What are the types of forces that can cause joint injuries?

High-impact trauma, overuse, or abnormal stresses.

What is the structure that deepens the glenoid cavity in the shoulder joint?

Glenoid labrum.

What is the role of menisci in the knee joint?

They improve congruency between femur and tibia, absorb shock.

What are Syndesmoses?

Fibrous joints connected by a ligament, with varying amounts of movement.

What type of joint movement involves lifting a body part superiorly?

Elevation.

What joint is particularly unstable due to its high mobility?

Shoulder joint (Glenohumeral joint).

What is plantarflexion?

Depressing the foot (pointing the toes).