ionic bonding UPDATED

what are ions

charged particles

what are negative ions called

anions

what are positive ions called

cations

when do anions form

when atoms gain electrons

when do cations form

when atoms lose electrons

what is the balance of protons and electrons in an anion

anions have more electrons than protons

what is the balance of protons and electrons in a cation

cations have more protons than electrons

what are groups 1, 2 and 3 elements

metals

what are group 5,6 and 7 elements

non-metals

what type of ion do most metals form

most metals lose electrons to form positive ions

what type of ion do most non-metals form

most non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions

Ag ion

Ag⁺

Fe ion

Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺

Pb ion

Pb²⁺

hydrogen ion

H⁺

Ammonium ion

NH₄⁺

nitrate ion

NO₃⁻

copper ion

Cu²⁺

zinc ion

Zn²⁺

hydroxide ion

OH⁻

carbonate ion

CO₃²⁻

sulfate ion

SO₄²⁻

describe the transfer of electrons when an ionic compound is formed

- the metal atom loses electrons to form a cation

- the non-metal gains these electrons to form an anion

- these oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic attractions (called ionic bond)

what is an ionic bond

an electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

what is the overall charge of any ionic compound

- zero

- bc the compound is made up of a positively charged and negatively charged part that balance each other out

what diagrams do you draw for ionic bonding

dot and cross diagrams

what structure do compounds with ionic bonding always have

giant ionic structures

how are the ions held in a giant ionic structure and what are they held by

- ions are held together in a closely packed 3D arrangement

- by the attraction between oppositely charged ions

explain why ionic compounds have high mpt/bpts

- electrostatic attraction between opp charged ions is very strong

- lots of energy needed to overcome the strong attraction

- therefore high mpt and bpt

can ionic compounds conduct electricity

- cannot conduct when solid

- however if melted, or dissolved in water can conduct electricity as charged particles are free to move