Renal Nuclear Medicine and Anatomy Review

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards generated from the nuclear medicine renal lecture covering renal anatomy, diseases, radiopharmaceuticals, protocols, and cystography.

The nephron filters __________ liters of plasma per hour.

$$7.5$$

In renal anatomy, urine flows from the ascending loop of Henle into the __________, then to the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, and urethra.

collecting duct

The component responsible for the color of urine is __________.

Urobilinogen

Distention or dilation of the kidney with urine caused by backward pressure when urine flow is obstructed is called __________.

Hydronephrosis

A slowly progressive decline in kidney function leading to the buildup of metabolic waste products in the blood causes __________.

azotemia

Renovascular hypertension is caused by renal arterial hypoperfusion secondary to a __________ vessel.

stenotic

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) is defined as __________ necrosis of the tubular epithelial cells.

ischemic

When setting up a patient with native kidneys for renal imaging, the camera is positioned __________.

posterior

For a transplant kidney located in the pelvis, the gamma camera is positioned __________.

anterior

To ensure a good tracer bolus during renal imaging, the injection time should be less than __________ seconds.

$$5$$

Tc-99m MAG3 is cleared by tubular secretion, with __________% secreted in the proximal tubule.

$$98$$

Liver and gallbladder activity on a Tc-99m MAG3 study increases if patient creatinine is greater than __________.

$$2$$

The standard administered dose for a Tc-99m MAG3 renal study is __________ mCi.

$$10$$

The critical organ for a $10\,mCi$ dose of Tc-99m MAG3 is the __________.

bladder

The main drawback of using Tc-99m MAG3 for renal imaging is __________ uptake.

liver

The normal range for differential renal function calculated during dynamic imaging is __________%.

$$44\text{--}56$$

Lasix (furosemide) acts by blocking the reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium in the thick ascending limb of the __________.

loop of Henle

An alternative loop diuretic option for patients with a sulfa allergy is __________.

Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

In a Lasix renal washout study, non-obstruction is confirmed when $50\%$ of the tracer washes out within __________ minutes.

$$10$$

A diuretic half-time ($T_{1/2}$) greater than __________ minutes indicates renal obstruction.

$$20$$

The Enalapril variation study is performed to evaluate for __________.

Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS)

Angiotensin II maintains GFR by causing vasoconstriction of the __________ arterioles of the glomerulus.

efferent

If an Enalapril renogram is abnormal and the subsequent baseline renogram is normal, the result is positive for __________.

Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS)

Tc-99m DTPA is cleared entirely from the body by __________.

glomerular filtration

During an in vitro Tc-99m DTPA GFR study, blood samples are drawn at 2, 3, and __________ hours post-injection.

$$4$$

In Tc-99m GH imaging, __________% of the radiopharmaceutical is retained in the renal tubular cells.

$$10\text{--}20$$

Tc-99m DMSA localizes to the cortex by binding to __________ groups in the proximal renal tubules.

sulfhydryl

The critical organ for Tc-99m DMSA is the __________, receiving $3.78\,rads$ per $5\,mCi$ dose.

kidneys

Pediatric bladder volume for a direct cystogram is calculated using the formula __________ cc.

$$(\text{Age in years} + 1) \times 30$$

Direct cystography provides higher __________ than indirect cystography for evaluating Vesicoureteric Reflux.

sensitivity