Biology final Skeletal System

skeletal system

consists of two types of connective tissue: bone and cartilage

ligaments

formed of fibrous connective tissue, join
the bones.

• Support body

• work with the muscular system

• moves the body

• protection

• produce blood cells

• store minerals

functions of the skeleton

Diaphysis

shaft of the bone

Medullary cavity

inside the diaphysis; its walls are made
of compact bone

yellow bone marrow

The medullary cavity is filled with

stores fat

yellow bone marrow does what

spongy bone

contains red marrow, where blood cells are made

axial or appendicular

the 206 bones of the body are classified asa either

Axial skeleton

midline of the body

skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column,
and the rib cage.

axial skeleton consists of

skull

formed by cranium and the facial bones

cranium

contains protects the brain; in adults made up of eight bones

membranous fontanels

in newborns, cranial bones are joined by

Vertebral column

consists of 33 vertebrae

four

there are how many curvatures that provide more
strength for an upright posture than a straight
column.

Scoliosis

abnormal sideways curvature of the
spine

Kyphosis

abnormal posterior curvature;
“hunchback

Lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature; “swayback”

Intervertebral disks

• Composed of fibrocartilage.
  • Prevent the vertebrae from grinding.
  • Absorb shock caused by movements such as
  running, jumping, and even walking.
  • Allows the vertebrae to move as we bend forward,
  backward, and from side to side.

rib cage

composed of the
thoracic vertebrae, the ribs and their associated
cartilages, and the sternum

thoracic cage

another term for rib cage

axial skeleton

rib cage is part of what

outward and upward

rib cage points where during inspiration

Pelvic Girdle

consists of two hip bones

pelvis

composed of the pelvic girdle, sacrum,
and coccyx

osteoblasts

bone-forming cells

osteocytes

mature bone cells

Ossification

the formation of bone.

embryonic development

Bones form during

epiphyseal plates close

bone stop lengthening

18%

percentange of bone recycled every year

Osteoporosis

Bones are weakened due to decreased bone mass.

30

Skeletal mass increases until age

Hematoma

forms 6 to 8 hours after the fracture (blood clot)

Fibrocartilaginous callus

forms in 3 weeks between broken bones.

bony callus

forms in 3-4 months cartilaginous callus turns into bone

Remodeling

Osteoblasts build new compact bone at the periphery,
osteoclasts absorb the spongy bone, creating a new
medullary cavity